【作者】 于萍；

【导师】 倪龙； 范夙博；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑与土木工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国，很多农作物的秸秆成为秋收季节之后的废弃物，就地焚烧会产生大量的粉尘有害物质，收集秸秆使秸秆变废为宝成为生物质能界炙手可热的话题。如今城镇区域供热能源一般采用化石能源，为了节约化石能源，本文选取生物质能作为城镇供热的主要能源，研究生物质能用于区域供热规划中的关键技术。本文首先提出生物质能源的3E评价指标，建立生物质能源3E综合评价体系。为之后的建模分析提供理论依据。本文基于秸秆的岛式分布特征，建立了秸秆收集过程中经济、能耗、环境排放的数学模型。对单资源岛的模型进行分析，讨论了压缩对秸秆收集成本，能耗，及环境的影响。结果表明，在收集量为5000t，压缩密度为0.6t/m3，运输距离大于34.5km时经压缩的收集成本小于未经压缩的收集成本，当收集量从1万吨到500万吨，运输距离从18km依次增加到30km，60km，100km后，压缩后再运输的能耗率分别增加了0.25%，0.91%，1.77%，而不压缩运输的能耗率则分别增加了0.86%，3.01%和5.88%，同样的收集量和压缩密度时，运输距离越长，对未压缩与经压缩的能耗率影响越大，因此秸秆压缩有助于降低远距离运输的总成本、总能耗。本文针对秸秆直燃锅炉、掺混锅炉、与燃煤锅炉平行供热三种类型进行研究，比较分析秸秆直燃锅炉与传统锅炉的经济、能耗、环境排放的优劣，探讨掺混比、负荷比对秸秆锅炉的经济、能耗、环境排放影响。结果表明单台锅炉容量为14兆瓦时秸秆锅炉的费用年值、能源利用率、二氧化碳排放量分别为9880万元、82%，44005吨；燃煤锅炉的费用年值、能源利用率、二氧化碳排放量分别为6480万元、77%、38856吨；由此得出秸秆直燃锅炉虽然在经济上不占优势，但在能耗和环境排放方面具有很好的前景，其次生物质掺混比例、负荷承担比例越大越有助于降低污染物排放。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has a well developed agriculture and a scarce forest resource and the large-scale felling of trees will lead to serious consequences such as soil erosion. While a lot of crop stalks become waste after the harvest season, in situ burning will produce a lot of hazardous substances such as dust. Collection of straw to make it useful has become a hot industry topic. Today, urban district generally use fossil energy as heating energy, in order to save energy, this paper select biomass as main energy of the urban heating system, and then research the key technologies of biomass for district heating planning.This paper proposed3E evaluation of biomass energy, establish a comprehensive3E evaluation system on biomass energy in order to provide theoretical basis for modeling and analysis.Based on straw island distribution, this paper established economic, energy, environmental emissions mathematical model about straw collection process. Analyze the single resource island model and discuss the impact of compression on straw collection costs, energy consumption, and the environment. The results showed that the amount of collected5000t, compressed density0.6t/m3, compression greater than the transport distance34.5km collection cost is less than the cost of collection, uncompressed, when the collected amount from10,000tons to5,000,000tons, the transport distance30,60,100km from18km to turn back, and then transport the energy compression rates were increased by0.25%,0.91%,1.77%, rather than the compression rate of energy transport were increased by0.86percent,3.01percent and5.88%, and the same amount of compression density of the collection, the longer transport distance, the greater the compressed and uncompressed rate of energy, and therefore reduce the total cost of compressed straw long distance transportation, the total energy consumption.We have many Energy Conversion Devices for district heating using biomass. This paper focuses on biomass direct combustion boiler, mixing boiler, coal-fired boiler with a parallel Biomass Energy Conversion Devices for district heating, there are many, this paper biomass direct combustion boiler, blending boiler, coal-fired boiler with a parallel study of three types of heating, a comparative analysis of biomass direct combustion boiler with traditional economic merits of boilers, energy consumption, environmental emissions, explore mixing ratio, biomass boiler load than the economic, energy, environmental emissions impact. The results show that when a14MWh single boiler, the energy efficiency, carbon dioxide emissions were98.8million yuan,82%,44,005tons; annual cost, energy efficiency, carbon dioxide emissions of coal-fired boilers is 64.8million yuan, respectively,77%,38,856tons; thus draw straw direct combustion boiler although the economy is not dominant, but has good prospects in terms of energy consumption and environmental emissions, followed by raw material mixing proportion, the greater the proportion of the load borne help reduce pollutant emissions.更多还原