【作者】 郑健；

【导师】 赵东风； 方莹；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学(华东) ， 安全工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 各种类型的化工实验室数量不断的增加是化工行业、科研机构和高等教育事业迅速发展的必然结果,化工实验室是培养化工人才和推动化工行业进步的基地。仅教育部直属的75所大学中就有4029个化工实验室,平均每年进行约14万个实验,累计实验时间达400多万小时。据资料统计,在化工实验室中每50起事故就会有1起人员伤亡事故。安全管理制度的不健全,工作人员安全意识淡薄,安全投入不足,“三废”处理和化学品管理漏洞,缺少应急设施、预案和演练等因素是造成化工实验室事故的主要原因。论文以检查表、事故统计、问卷法等辨识方法,结合化工实验室自身的特点,分析和总结了化工实验室中存在的各种风险和事故类型。在风险辨识的基础上,通过不断的添加和删除,建立了以4个大项、25个指标组成的化工实验室风险评估指标体系。根据相关的政策、法规、原则和现状的基础上,对每个评价指标制定了评分标准,以保证评分的客观性。建立了涉及到物质危险性、危险环境、物质系数、不安全管理系数、事故后果、暴露时间等因素的化工实验室火灾爆炸、毒性评价体系,并作为总评价结果的分指标。编制了化工实验室风险评估系统,并应用在某恶臭处理实验室,对其进行定量评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid development of chemical industry, scientific research institutions and higher education results in the increasing number of various types of chemical laboratory. Chemical laboratories cultivate chemical engineers and promote chemical industry level. The 75 universities that directly under the ministry of education have 4029 chemical laboratories. 140,000 experiments were done in those laboratories each year and the experiment time accumulates to more than 4 million hours. According to statistics, every 50 accidents in the chemical laboratories there will be one casualty accident. Safety management deficiencies, low safety consciousness of the staffs, insufficient of Safety investment, loopholes in "three wastes" treatment and hazardous chemicals management, lacking of emergency facilities, plans and practicing are the main causes of chemical laboratory accidents.Combining identification methods such as check table, accident statistics and questionnaire method with the characteristics of chemical laboratory, this paper analyzes and summarizes the various risks and accident types existing in the chemical laboratories. On the basis of risk identification, through continuous adding and deleting, this paper sets up the risk evaluation index system of chemical laboratory that including four categories and 25 indicators. According to the relevant policies, regulations, principles, this paper set criteria for each evaluation index to ensure the objectivity of scoring. The chemical laboratory fire explosion, toxicity evaluation system involved in material hazards, dangerous environment, material factor, coefficient of unsafety management, accident consequences, exposure time. They are parts of the total evaluation index. Compiling the chemical laboratory risk assessment system, and applied in a stench processing laboratory, carries on the quantitative evaluation.更多还原