【作者】 吴毅；

【导师】 傅正财；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 高电压与绝缘技术， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 短路试验是低压开断设备必须进行的一项重要试验,本文所研究的是一种基于电子开关的新型短路试验设备,这种短路试验设备的选相开关具有选相合闸角精度高、通电时间控制精度高和合闸分散性小等特点。本文对这种短路试验设备各部分原理和技术参数进行了详细研究,比较了采用电子开关和机械开关对试验输出的影响,重点研究了以IGBT器件为基础的选相合闸开关模块,分析了合闸角对短路电流幅值的影响,并对将并联IGBT模块应用到短路试验时产生的电流不均衡情况做了分析且提出了解决办法,并进行了仿真和实验验证。试验回路功率因数影响着短路输出电流波形的峰值系数,GB10963.1-2005中明确规定了不同试验电流所对应的功率因数大小。本文在对IEEE Std C37.26-1972提供的三种方法(比例法、直流衰减法和相位关系法)和GB 998-1982提供的五种确定功率因数的方法(直流分量法、冲击系数法、相角差法、测量全阻抗法和直读法)进行了分析研究之后,针对短时短路试验回路功率因数的计算提出了一种新的短路试验回路功率因数的测量计算方法。此方法适用于通电时间较短的短路试验回路功率因数计算,不受功率因数大小限制,具有稳定性好的优点,并对此方法进行了误差分析、仿真计算验证和实际计算验证。为了在实际试验中保证试验回路功率因数符合标准要求,GB14048.1-2006等标准中规定在试验前应先进行预期试验,使试验回路输出电流和功率因数达到标准的要求,而在实际调节可变阻抗的时候,一般是凭经验进行调节,往往需要多次调试才能满足要求。故本文介绍了试验回路各个部分阻抗的计算方法,对如何对试验回路快速整定提出了技术建议,也对最大试验电流和电压波动情况的计算做了介绍。更多还原

【Abstract】 Short circuit test is one of the most important tests for the low voltage switching equipment. This paper researched a new type of short-circuit test equipment based on electronic switch, the choice of phase switch of this short-circuit test equipment has the characteristics of high accuracy choose phase switching angle, high accuracy on time control precision,small switching dispersion。In this paper, the principle and technical parameters of each part of the short circuit test equipment are studied, compared the influence of output caused by electronic switch and mechanical switch, and the phase selection switch module based on the IGBT device is the key researches,analyzed the influence of the short circuit current amplitude caused by the switching angle,found the reason of the current imbalance situation caused by parallel IGBT module and puts forward the solutions, we also made the simulation and experimental validation.The power factor of the test circuit affects the crest factor of short circuit output current waveform,GB 10963.1-2005 clearly define the different test current of the corresponding power factor size, after analyzed the three methods(ratio method, dc attenuation method and phase relations method) proposed in the IEEE Std C37.26-1972 and the five methods(dc component method, impact coefficient method, phase Angle difference method, measuring the whole impedance method and direct reading method) proposed in GB 998-1982,this paper proposed a new power factor measurement method suitable for the short duration short current,This method is suitable for the calculation of short shortcircuit test circuit’s power factor, not limited by the power factor size, has the advantages of good stability, and we analyzed the error of this method,did the Simulation calculation and the actual calculation.In order to make the actual power factor of test circuit to meet the requirements of the standard, GB14048.1-2006 and other standards provision that it should do expect test before the test,make the test circuit output current and power factor to achieve the requirements of the standard, but we generally adjust the impedance of the circuit by experience in practice, it often need many tests to meet the requirements,so this paper introduced impedance calculation method of the each part of the test loop,gave a technical advice for how to fast setting the parameters of the test loop,also introduced the calculation of the maximum test current and the voltage fluctuation.更多还原