【作者】 刘铁；

【导师】 荆武兴；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 航空宇航科学与技术， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 重型火箭的内置式机载发射具有运载能力强、不受地理条件约束、辅助设备少等诸多优点,因此该项技术对于民用和军用两方面都有重要的意义。本文对内置式机载发射运载火箭与载机分离的过程进行了分析和仿真研究。首先,详细分析了内置式机载发射系统组成及总方案,针对投放分离过程的三个阶段,分别分析了系统组成、各模块运动方程和约束关系。定义了火箭运动的坐标系,描述了火箭投放运动过程中遇到的大气模型、气动力组成和各欧拉角之间的关系,为后续模型的细化提供理论指导。随后,详细研究了系统中各重要模块(如拖曳稳定降落伞、缓冲轮胎和空气动力学模型等)数学模型关系。利用克希霍夫运动方程建立了拖曳稳定降落伞模型,分析了多种拖曳稳定降落伞的特点,开伞方式,研究了拖曳稳定降落伞特性参数;研究了平台系统中轮胎模型的力学描述,对轮胎的刚度阻尼特性进行了分析;通过CFD气动软件,建立了三维载机作用下的火箭气动模型,对火箭在机载作用下的气动参数进行了仿真分析。利用ADAMS软件通用约束模块和扩展模块建立了三维内置式机载发射系统仿真模型。模型中定义了各接触部件摩擦约束关系、多缓冲轮胎旋转约束关系和火箭平台接触约束关系;利用三维力模型和三维力矩模型,实现了运载火箭气动力加载问题,实现了基尔霍夫方程的降落伞模型气动力加载问题。最后,论文利用建立的内置式机载发射投放分离动力学模型,分析了火箭、降落伞的运动和轮胎动力学特性。通过调整拖曳稳定伞有效面积,得到了运载火箭投放的理想发射状态,通过仿真展示了运载火箭重要参考点的轨迹变化、运载火箭姿态变化、拖曳稳定伞及伞绳的姿态变化及拉力变化和平台缓冲轮胎系统中轮胎受力变化。内置式机载发射三维虚拟样机的建立及仿真分析,为后续工程研制中系统设计方案的选择以及原理样机设计参数的制定提供了重要的技术支撑,也为研制的顺利开展奠定了技术基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Internally carried air-launch of the heavy rocket was selected instead of ground launch for the following reasons:(1) capability to carry heavy payload mass,(2) fewer restrictions and improved safety of air launch by avoiding flight over occupied land,(3) reduced cost of ground launch support operations achieved through decreased infrastructure. Therefore, this technology has many advantages in civil aspect and military aspect. In this paper, an air-launch project will be introduced and air drop analysis will be studied.First,the air-launch system was introduced in system composition and the types of air launch methods. Three stages of air drop methods were studied during this system. Equations of motion and the restraint relations of this progress was studied. The rocket coordinate system was defined. The atmospheric model for air-launch simulation was described. Aerodynamic force composition and various Euler angles relations were studied. These studies provide the theory instruction for the following model refinement.Second, the models of the air-launch system, like parachute model, the transporter with tires for cushion, aerodynamics model and so on, were all studied and were built. The parachute model was build based on Kirchhoff equation. The characteristics of many types parachutes were conceded. The series of parameters were used to characterize the parachute dynamics model. The tire model in the transporter was characterized with stiffness and damping parameters. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) was completed to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics during the drop. The data from the aerodynamic analysis was used in the air launch simulation discussed above.The 3D air-launch system model was established for the simulation of the air drop with the restraint module and the expansion module using ADAMS software. In this model, restraint relations were defined for every model who contact with others. The restraint relations and revolving relations of tires were studied. The contact restraint relations of the transporter were characterized. the launch vehicle aerodynamic force and the chute model aerodynamic force base on Kirchhoff equation was realized using three dimensional strength model and the three dimensional moment of force model in ADAMS software.Finally, the dynamics characteristics of the rocket, the chute and the tire were studied using air-launch system dynamic simulation model. Many tests were conducted with different diameter ring slot parachute to determine the ideal state of the launch vehicle. The position of launch vehicle and the trajectories for the key points on the launch vehicle were studied. The Behavior and the force of the parachute and thread were simulated. And the force of the tires in the transporter studied.The 3D air-launch system model shows that Gravity Air Launch method works as intended. This analysis method promises to contribute to improving the simplicity, safety, cost, and reliability air launching project. The analysis program met the technology objectives successfully.更多还原