【作者】 王楠；

【导师】 刘云枫；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 作为城市交通的重要组成部分,公共交通是保证城市生产和生活的主要动脉,其正常运行对城市经济、文化等各项事业的繁荣发展等起着重要的推动作用。因此,自2004年起,我国多数城市就已经将“公交优先”定为交通发展的基本战略,然而,在与小汽车的竞争中公共交通处境仍旧艰难,“公交优先”成效尚不明显。就北京市而言,尽管早已建成“公交优先”发展模式,实行如限号、“潮汐式”等出行措施,然而私人机动车的保有量持续上升,小汽车出行比例仍然居高不下,道路交通拥堵现象亦愈加严重。可见,发展“公交优先”战略已经不是理念问题,关键在于该如何保障其顺利实施。因此,有必要对城市公共交通系统效率进行评价,了解其运营情况、所存在的问题及发展前景。因此,本文利用DEA-Malmquist指数法,结合北京市2007-2013年公共交通行业的基础数据,从时间和系统内部两个角度对北京市公共交通系统进行实证分析;同时,结合我国其他36个“公交都市”示范工程创建试点城市的公共交通系统发展概况,进行横向的对比分析,试图找出最大影响因素,进而提出相应的对策建议。本文的实证分析表明,北京市公共交通行业全要素生产率的增长主要归功于技术进步,技术效率则消极阻碍生产率的变化,而技术效率的低下主要归咎于其规模效率的低下;并且,北京市轨道交通子系统发展态势良好,常规公共交通子系统效率较低,亟需改善。可以得出,北京市应在提高公共交通整体规模效率、技术效率的前提下,在保持轨道交通优势的基础上,着重提高常规公共交通系统的效率,从而缓解交通堵塞、改善人居环境,以促进城市的持续、稳定、健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the main part of urban traffic, public transport is the city’s arteries to ensure the normal operation of the production and daily life there, and it has played an very important role for the prosperity and development of city undertakings in economy or culture. Therefore, since 2004, many cities in our country have put the “bus priority” as a basic strategy for the development of urban transport, but public transport is still in a tough position when competing with the car, and the effects are still not obvious. As for Beijing, although the “bus priority” development mode has already been built, the travel measures such as the vehicle restriction scheme, the “tidal” travel have been taken, the private ownership of motor vehicles continues to rise, and the car travel proportion remains high, and the traffic congestion phenomenon is getting worse and worse. Visible, the concept of “bus priority” is not the problem, the key question lies in what should we do to ensure its smooth implementation.Therefore, making use of the DEA-Malmquist index method, the paper makes a study on the public transport system in Beijing respectively from the angles of time and within the system, depending on the fundamental data of the public transport industry in Beijing in 2007-2013. Meanwhile, combining with the development situation of the public transport system of other 36 cities in the “transit metropolis” created demonstration project of our country, the paper tries to find out the biggest influence factors, and puts forward corresponding measures.The empirical results show that the TFP growth of the public transport industry in Beijing is mainly attributed to the technological progress, and the technical efficiency hinder the change negatively, and the low technical efficiency is caused mainly by the low scale efficiency. And the railway subsystem in Beijing is growing quite well, and the conventional public transport subsystem is much less efficient and needs to be improved. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of urban public transport system, to understand the operation situation and the existing problems and developing prospects. It can be concluded that Beijing should emphatically improve the efficiency of conventional public traffic system, under the premise of improving public transport’s scale efficiency and technical efficiency as a whole system, and on the basis of keeping track traffic advantage, so as to alleviate the traffic congestion, improve the living condition, and then promote the city’s sustainable, steady, and healthy development.更多还原