【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 冯威；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 在政府转变职能的新常态和执法任务繁重执法资源紧缺的复杂情形下,如何加强对食品安全违法行为的威慑力,是破解食品安全监管难题的关键所在。过去监管部门所采用的“静态式”“运动式”的执法方式,由于其违法成本低,不能够形成足够的威慑力。因此迫切需要创新食品安全监管的执法方式。食品安全信用档案制度的设立便有利于改进执法方式,提高违法成本。但由于食品安全信用档案制度正式以法律的形式确定下来是在2009年,起步较晚,再加上并未规定相关的处罚性措施也未列入相关的政绩考核,因此未引起相关部门的重视,此项制度的构建还不尽完善。本文则对此项制度的构建和完善进行了探讨与研究。除了绪论与结语外本文主要分为三章。第一章主要介绍了食品安全信用档案制度的基本理论。在此章中对食品安全信用档案的内涵和外延作了界定。介绍了食品安全信用档案制度目前所包含的内容,并分析了该项制度的功能。主要包括加强了政府对食品安全的监管能力；有利于保障公众的生命权、健康权；强化了对食品生产经营者的威慑力；能够推动企业转变观念加强行业自律和有助于实现食品的可溯源性。本文的第二章指出了我国食品安全信用档案制度存在的问题与困境。其一是食品安全信用档案建设的基本要求不够明确。其二是信用信息供给主体单一,这很容易造成权力的“设租”与“寻租”问题。其三是缺少统一的信用评级标准的规定,既没有规定统一的信用评级标准,又没有规定信用评级标准的制定程序。这就很容易造成信用评级标准的不合理和不同信用信息管理部门对同一生产经营者产生不同的评价,造成公众认知的混乱。其四是食品安全信用档案被公众熟知与利用度低。其五是缺少对信用信息管理部门侵权的法律救济,使无论是食品生产经营者还是消费者对信用信息管理部门的侵权行为都无法得到有效的救济。其六是食品安全信用档案制度缺少相应的配套制度与程序设计,无法保障此项制度有效的实施。本文的第三章针对食品安全信用档案制度存在的问题,根据行政法学、行政诉讼法学和宪法学的基本原理与理论并参考相关文献提出了对此项制度建设完善的建议。首先介绍了此项制度建设的基本要求,那就是要坚持通俗易懂、详尽准确,及时更新的原则。其次介绍了此项制度建设完善的几项建议。第一是引入第三方社会组织,确立多元化的信用信息供给主体。第二是设立统一的信用档案标准、重构信用评级标准制定程序。第三是拓宽信用信息流动渠道,除了在监管部门的官方网站、政府公报上进行公布以外,可以选择同时在大部分消费者都会经常浏览关注的网站上进行公布。第四是确立食品安全信用档案制度的救济制度,包括确立监管部门对错误信息的更正义务和明确与完善相关行政诉讼制度。第五是设计异议受理制度与举报奖励制度等配套制度和相应的程序来保障此项制度的实施。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the complex circumstances of transform function of the new normal in government and law enforcement task heavy law enforcement resources shortage, how to strengthen the food safety violations of deterrence, which is the key to crack the food safety regulatory problems. Past regulators "static" and "sports type" style of law enforcement, because its illegal cost is low, will not be able to form a sufficient deterrent. So urgently need innovation of food safety supervision mode of law enforcement. The establishment of system of food safety credit files is beneficial to improve the methods of law enforcement, improve the illegal cost, is a highly efficient mode of law enforcement. But because food safety credit files system was officially settled in the form of law in 2009, started late, plus it did not have related punitive measures and was not included in the relevant achievements appraisal, so it did not cause the attention of relevant departments, the construction of the system is not perfect, and does not play its role fully. How to build the system and make it perfect will be discussed and researched in this article.Besides the introduction and conclusion this paper mainly is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the basic theory of the file system of food safety. In this chapter on food safety is defined the intension and extension of the credit files. This paper introduces the system of food safety credit files currently contains content, and analyzes the function of the system. The functions mainly includes strengthening the government supervision of food safety ability, protecting the public’s right of life and health, strengthening the deterrent threat of food producers and traders, promoting the enterprise change ideas to strengthen industry self-discipline and being beneficial to the realization of food traceability.The second chapter of this article points out the problems and troubles existing in the system of food safety credit files. The first is a basic requirement of the construction of the food safety credit files are clear enough. The second is single supply subject, which is easy to cause rights "for rent" and "rent-seeking" problem. The third is the lack of unified credit rating standard regulation, which has not a uniform standard of credit rating, and does not provide credit rating standards and procedures. This is easy to cause the credit rating standard is not reasonable and lead to the same food producers or marketers different credit information management department to produce different evaluation, causing confusion in the public. The fourth is for food safety credit files the public familiarity and exploitation degree is low. The fifth is the lack of legal relief for infringement of credit information management department, make both food producers and traders and consumers for credit information management department of tort can not get effective relief. The sixth is lack of corresponding food safety credit files system programming, which can not guarantee the system implemented effectively.The third chapter of this article in view of the problems existing in the system of food safe credit files, according to the administrative law and administrative litigation law and the basic principle of constitutional theory and refer to the related literature about system construction perfect Suggestions are put forward. Firstly it introduces the basic requirement of the construction of the system that is to insist on the plain, detailed and accurate, and timely update principle. Secondly it introduces several Suggestions to make the construction of the system perfect. The first is the introduction of the third party social organization, establishing diversified supply subject of credit information. The second is to set up a unified standard of credit files and refactor credit rating standards development process. Third is to broaden the channels for the flow of credit information, in addition to the official website for regulators and government gazette, regulators can choose the website that most consumers often browse. The fourth is to establish the relief system of the system of food safety credit files, including the establishment of supervision department for the correction of the error message, clearing and perfecting the relevant system of administrative litigation. The fifth is to design the objection to accept the system and report reward system and other supporting system and the corresponding program design to guarantee the implementation of the system.更多还原