【作者】 张志华；

【导师】 张莉萍；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 行政管理， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 政府执行力是指为了顺利实现政府的方针、政策、路线所设定的目标及开展日常行政性事务,执行人员准确理解组织目标,并通过对政府内人财物、信息及权威等资源的使用,将设定目标变为现实的能力和效力。政府执行力直接影响着政府效能,也是决定综合国力和国家竞争力的重要因素,因而,提升政府执行力成为我国政府改革的重要内容和目标。当前,面对复杂的社会事务和多样化的公众需求,我国政府执行力面临着诸如决策的科学性欠缺、执行人员的能力和意愿不足、执行资源不够完备、执行力文化亟需净化等问题,而在新的时代背景下,提升政府执行力的挑战与机遇并存。一方面,信息化等发展对政府执行力的提升问题带来诸多挑战,如新媒体的发展削弱政府居于主导地位的话语权、传统的行政层级体制的改变、对政府效能的追求及多元化的利益诉求等。另一方面,新形势的变化也为问题的解决提供了难得的历史机遇,如决策技术在政府管理中的应用、社会组织和公众参与的发展等都对研究政府执行力问题提供了新的解决思路和方法。因此,可以通过以下途径来提高政府执行力：完善决策技术的运用,提高政策制定的质量,如大数据分析技术在决策中的应用,能够为决策者提供比较清晰的利益需求分布,及时掌握决策在执行过程中的情况并对政策内容进行修正和补充；推进政府职能转变,健全执行制度与机制,就要处理好政府与市场,政府与社会之间的关系,在政府组织内部引入竞争机制,健全信息沟通机制和监督机制等；顺应市场经济需求,提升执行人员的能力与素质,对执行人员的现有知识和能力进行更新和培训,创新执行技术和执行手段；培育协同治理文化,塑造积极向上的执行理念,就是要形成执行共识,改变过去单一的执行主体,以协商的方式与其他执行主体一起解决执行过程中遇到的问题；创新执行技术与方法,优化执行效益与环境。其中,健全制度是提升政府执行力的根本途径,执行人员的能力和素质则是政府执行力提升的最直接因素,执行力文化是政府执行力提升更为长效的因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Governmental executive ability refers to the ability and efficiency to carry out government’s policies, lines and daily administrative services smoothly and realize its economic and social development goals with a full understanding of execution targets and a proper use of government resources such as humans, finance, material and authority. Governmental executive ability, as the decisive factor of comprehensive national strength and competitiveness, has become our country’s major content and objective of government reform, which aims to improve governmental efficiency by strengthening government execution. At present, government execution is faced with problems like irrational decision-making, incompetence and unwillingness of operational staff, inadequate resources and execution culture that needs purifying. In the new era, challenges and opportunities coexist. On the one hand, quite a few challenges are presented to the improvement of government executive ability by the development of informatization, public participation and marketization. such as the development of new media weakening the predominant discourse right that government possesses, changes in the traditional administrative hierarchy system, pursuit of administrative efficiency and multiple interest appeal. On the other hand, situation changes are presenting God-given opportunities to settle some issues like the application of decision-making techniques in government administration and more involvement of social organizations and citizens offering new solutions and approaches to the study of government’s executive ability.Therefore, approaches listed below can be adopted to improve government execution. To begin with, the government should strive to promote the use of decision-making techniques and improve the quality of policies to be formulated. For instance, big data analysis techniques used in the process of decision-making can provide policymakers a clearer picture of interests distribution, reveal in real time how a policy is implemented and thus allow policymakers to make some appropriate policy revision and supplementations. Then, transformation of government functions should be accelerated and sound execution systems and mechanisms must be built to properly deal with relations between the government and the market as well as these between the government and society. Government agencies need to introduce competition mechanisms and establish sound information communication and supervision mechanisms. The government needs to respond to the need of marketization, strengthen the competence and quality of its operational staff, renew their knowledge and enhance their ability and innovate execution techniques and approaches. It is necessary to cultivate the culture of collaborative governance and shape positive execution ideas, that is, to form consensus with others, diversify executive bodies and consult other executive bodies when it comes to solve the problems in the process of execution.Besides, techniques and approaches need to be innovated to optimize execution efficiency and improve its environment,of which system is fundamental, personnel and execution culture are the the most immediate and longer-lasting factors respectively for better government execution.更多还原