【作者】 王荣；

【导师】 卢家楣；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 应用心理硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 自然美感是指个体因自然事物的壮美、优美而产生的内心体验。自然美感是审美情感素质结构中的重要组成部分,也是我国情感传统划分(道德情感、理智情感、审美情感)中的一部分。亲社会性反映了自我与他人的关系,反映了个人与社会或群体的关系,对人类的生存适应和社会的发展具有积极作用。个体的亲社会性是否得益于自然美感?本研究试通过实证研究探讨两者之间的关系。大学生作为未来社会发展的栋梁,他们的自然美感以及亲社会性的高低,将会影响到社会主义和谐社会的建设,因而,研究他们的自然美感及亲社会性显得尤为重要。同时,由于当前国内外关于自然美感的理论研究尚处于零星探索阶段,系统的实证研究则处于空白状态。因此,自然美感的研究具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本文综合运用文献检索、深度访谈、问卷调查、实验等研究方法以大学生为调查对象开展自然美感研究。第一部分,运用自编的《大学生自然美感问卷》和修订的《青少年亲社会倾向量表》对上海两所本科学校386名学生进行测量,通过相关研究揭示了人格化的自然美感对个体亲社会倾向的影响;第二部分,通过材料评定筛选出壮美、优美和中性城市建筑视频各10张,将120名本科生随机分为四组,即壮美组、优美组、中性组以及控制组,实验组在观看完视频以后,同控制组一起完成合作行为范式中的囚徒困境范式,运用实验研究揭示了自然美刺激所诱发的情境性的自然美感的情绪对亲社会行为影响。研究结果表明:(1)自编的《大学生自然美感问卷》具有良好的信度和效度,能够作为测评大学生自然美感的有效工具。(2)修订后的《青少年亲社会倾向量表》具有良好的信度和效度,能够作为测评大学生亲社会倾向的有效工具。(3)从主体角度来看,大学生自然美感正向影响大学生的亲社会倾向;自然美感的高峰体验因子是大学生亲社会倾向主要的预测变量;大五人格的宜人性和责任性因子是大学生亲社会倾向主要的预测变量;对于开放性和宜人性特质低的大学生,培养他们对自然美的关注,更加有利于发展他们的亲社会倾向。(4)从客体角度来看,自然美刺激所诱发的实时的自然美感情绪正向影响个体亲社会行为;不同的自然美刺激(优美、壮美)所诱发的自然美感情绪,对个体亲社会行为产生了不一样的影响,壮美对个体亲社会行为产生了积极显著的影响,优美对个体亲社会行为未产生显著影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nature aesthetic refers to the inner experience of individuals generated by the magnificence and concinnity of nature. The nature aesthetic serves as an integral part of theoretical framework of aesthetic feeling quality as well as a part of the traditional classification of feeling quality in China(moral feeling, rational feeling and aesthetic feeling). Along with the accelerated urbanization process in China, an increasing number of people are keeping away from nature and drowning in the fast-paced urban life. People living in the “concrete forest” are gradually losing their interest in the appreciation and comprehension of natural beauty with their values converging, a fact that results in the utilitarian people-to-people relationship. Therefore, this paper tries to expound on the relationship between nature aesthetic and pro-society through empirical research and explore if the nature aesthetic can advance the development of pro-society. The nature aesthetic and prosocial level of college students, who are heralded as the pillars of future social development, will influence the building of a socialist harmonious society. For this reason, it is of prime importance to study their nature aesthetic and pro-society. At the same time, as the theoretical study of nature aesthetic in both China and foreign countries still exists at the exploratory stage, the systematic empirical research is still found blank. Therefore, the research into nature aesthetic is of both theoretical and practical significance.This paper conducts a research on nature aesthetic by adopting document retrieval, depth interview and experiment as the research methods and taking college students as the respondents. In the first part, the self-compiled Questionnaire on the Nature Aesthetic of College Students and revised Scale for the Prosocial Tendencies Measure are adopted to measure the 386 students from two undergraduate colleges in Shanghai. The relevant studies reveal the influence of personified nature aesthetic on individual prosocial tendencies; in the second part, 30 videos of magnificence and concinnity of nature and neutral city buildings are selected through material evaluation. The 120 undergraduates are randomly divided into four groups, namely, magnificent group, concinnous group, neutral group and control group. After watching the video, the experimental group is asked to complete the prisoner’s dilemma paradigm in cooperative behavior paradigm together with the control group. The experimental research is conducted to reveal the impact of situational nature aesthetic emotions induced by natural beauty on prosocial behaviors. The researchresults show that:(1) The self-compiled Questionnaire on Nature Aesthetic of College Students is possessed of excellent reliability and validity, which can serve as an effective tool to measure the nature aesthetic of college students.(2) The revised Scale for the Prosocial Tendencies Measure is of excellent credibility and validity, which can be made an effective tool to evaluate the prosocial tendencies of college students.(3) From the subject perspective,, the nature aesthetic of college students positively impacts their prosocial tendencies; the peak experience factors of nature aesthetic is regarded as the major predictive variable for the prosocial tendencies of college students.The agreeableness and accountability in big five personality are the main predictive variable for the prosocial tendencies of college students.College students with low openness and agreeableness should be encouraged to pay more attention to natural beauty so as to develop their prosocial tendencies.(4) From the objective perspective, the real-time nature aesthetic emotions induced by natural beauty also positively influences individuals’ prosocial behaviors.The nature aesthetic emotions induced by different natural beauty stimulus(magnificence, concinnity) exert different bearings on the prosocial behaviors of individuals. Specifically, magnificence has positive and obvious influence on the prosocial behaviors of individuals but concinnity does not.更多还原