【作者】 李媛；

【导师】 陈治国；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界经济， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 在世界经济迅速发展的大背景下,国际贸易是国际经济往来的重要形式。但国际贸易的迅速发展也具有一定的负面影响,随着各个经济体间交易往来愈加频繁,国际贸易的形势也变得错综复杂。造就这种复杂现象的原因有很多,贸易保护措施的产生和应用即是其中之一。欧盟对中国光伏产业实施“双反”措施就是一个典型的例子。高速发展的全球经济催生了巨大的能源需求。针对这种情况,如何实现快速开采能源并且符合人们重视环境保护的理念是一大难题,光伏释能的发现完美地解决了这个问题。因为光伏释能有着成本低、排放少、采集地点要求不高以及适用范围广等特点。光伏产业已然成为各个国家首要发展的行业,中国也不例外。如今中国的光伏产品生产额的增长率已经是全球最高,出口额也是首屈一指。2014年全球生产光伏电池前十位的制造商中,有7家来自于中国,其中4家属于中国大陆地区,3家属于中国台湾地区,由此可见中国在光伏产业制造的国际地位。但中国光伏产业的发展并非一帆风顺。例如2011年欧盟对中国出口的铜版纸提出了反倾销反补贴调查,这是世界范围内金额最高的一次“双反”调查。此次调查对中国的光伏产业发展造成了重大的不良影响,也使得众多学者开始从事对光伏产业链和价值链的研究。大量研究表明,中国大量生产的光伏产品主要集中在整个光伏价值链的中下游,而上游含有高技术水平的产品一直被欧美国家所掌控。这使得欧美国家即使产品产量少且市场占有率不高,但也在整个光伏产业中占据重要的地位。而中国则偏重于利用劳动力优势大量生产低技术含量的中下游光伏产品,这种现实情况使中国所生产的光伏产品价格普遍低于国际平均价格。由此可见产业架构的不合理是欧盟对华光伏产业频繁实施“双反”政策的基本原因。基于此种情况,着手调整我国光伏产业结构势在必行。除此之外,我们还应该培养专业化人才,加紧研发高精尖的光伏技术,并成立产业协会研究国内外同行业的发展水平。我们还应该积极开发国内市场,调整政府的补贴政策与规避国外经济体对我国实施“双反”政策。光伏产业的研究与发展已经成为我国“十三五”计划在能源开发方面的重要内容,如何调整战略规划才能迅速有效地发展将成为今后研究的一大议题。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the background of rapid global economic development, international trade is the most mode of international connection. However, in the transaction process between the various economies will inevitably produce conflict, which gave birth to trade protection measures. Not only can promote international trade between countries what they want the product, but also through the use of comparative advantages for both sides to enhance the gross national product, to create more jobs and train technical personnel. But the rapid development of international trade is not for the good, as mentioned above, the formation of trade protection now created a complex world economic situation, the economic situation also makes domestic exporters increasingly difficult to control. EU on China PV industry implementation of "dual" measure is a good example.For the rapid development of the global economy, energy demand is great. In view of this situation, how fast energy exploitation and environmental protection in line with modern people’s mindset particular importance is a major problem. PV energy found the perfect solution to this problem. Because photovoltaic energy release with a low cost, low emissions; collection requirements on the location; a wide range of features. PV industry has become all countries have the primary development of the industry, China is no exception. Today, the growth rate of China’s PV production volume is already the highest in the world, with exports is second to none. 2014 production of photovoltaic cells of the top ten manufacturers in the world, there are seven from China, of which four belong to the Chinese mainland, three belong to China Taiwan, China shows the estimated position in the photovoltaic industry manufacturing.But the development of China PV industry is not easy. For example in 2011 EU exports to China’s coated paper proposed anti-dumping and countervailing investigations, which is the highest amount ever in the world of a "double reverse" survey. The survey of the development of photovoltaic industry in China caused a significant adverse impact, but also makes a number of scholars on the photovoltaic industry chain and value chain increasingly increased. Numerous studies foundation concluded that China has a high output of photovoltaic products focus on the entire PV value chain Chinese downstream and upstream products containing high technological level has been controlled by European and American countries. This makes the United States and Europe, even small production scale and market share is not high, but also in the entire PV industry occupies an important position. The Chinese emphasis on the use of labor advantages of mass production of low-tech downstream photovoltaic products, this reality is China’s production of photovoltaic products prices generally lower than the international average price. This shows that the irrational industrial structure of the photovoltaic industry is the EU’s implementation of the underlying causes of the frequent "dual" policy.Based on this case, proceed to adjust the structure of China’s photovoltaic industry is imperative. In addition, we should also train specialized personnel, stepping up research and development of sophisticated photovoltaic technology, and the establishment of the level of development of the industry association researches the industry. We should also actively developing with the domestic market, the adjustment of government subsidies and circumvent China’s implementation of "dual" policy of foreign economies. Research and development of photovoltaic industry has become China’s 12 th Five Year Plan important one in the development of energy, how to adjust to the rapid development of the strategic plan will effectively become a major topic for future research.更多还原