【作者】 洪伟；

【导师】 安钢；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 生理学， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 多道生理记录仪是一台可以同时记录多种生理参数的实验仪器,生理信号转换成电信号后,可经多级放大器放大后输出,以生理曲线形式描绘在坐标纸上[1]或显示屏上。多道生理记录仪是实验医学和临床医学研究中的常用设备,对于了解疾病的生理、病理变化及药物作用都有重要的意义。本中心机能实验室现有RM—6000型多道生理记录仪五台,购于八十年代,价值一百多万。该仪器主要由主机、示波器和记录仪组成,具有四个通道,通过示波器和记录仪可同时观察和描记多个生理参数指标。同时还以可记录压力、脑电、心电、肌电、呼吸、脉博等共三十多种生理信号。多年来在教学和科研工作中发挥着巨大的作用,学生受益人数600左右/学期,发表过数百篇科研、教学和学生自主设计论文。由于老式多道生理记录仪具有不能长期记录,记录笔容易损坏,记录纸不能长期保存,只能记录不能分析的特点已显露出来,随着现代电子技术的快速发展,传统实验教学模式已逐渐显现出诸多不足,新型教学模式下要求实验教学手段及科研环境必须与多媒体计算机相结合[1-2]。多功能、高效率的实验设备已经成为实验室教学与科研的重要组成部分。而目前本中心的这几台老式多道生理记录仪已不能满足现代实验教学需要,影响了老师及同学实验教学的进展[3-4]。甚至部分由于生产厂家升级换代,记录笔损坏得不到及时维修,记录笔和记录纸大量损耗得不到补充,此仪器已处于报废阶段[5]。因此,我们利用大规模集成电路和计算机硬件和软件技术开发了一种集生物信号的显示、处理、储存及分析于一体的微机化仪器来用于实验教学。本课题具有以下特色:(1)将旧式多道生理记录仪数字化;(2)节省大量记录纸和记录笔;(3)将心电生理信号由模拟方式转变为数字方式,从而增加了生理信号整体的稳定性和可靠性;(4)提供了人机会话式的菜单操作方式,易于操作,便于推广。本课题最大的创新点是可使旧式多道生理记录仪实现现代化。在取消记录纸的情况下,能够连续记录、存储和回显,并且能够进行分析和处理打印各种生理信号,可应用于各种生理、药理和病理生理实验。改造后的仪器可以替代多道生理记录仪上的记录仪和示波器,做到功能强化,一机多用。并且可以节省数百万的教学经费,还可以广泛应用于生理、药理和病理生理机能实验的生物信号检测、汇录和分析硬件系统。本课题主要包括硬件设计和软件设计两部分内容:硬件设计:电平转换电路:多道生理记录仪输出电压范围为正负十几伏,而我们采用低功耗单片机MSP430系列采集信号,输入电压范围是0-3.6伏,因此需要电平转换电路和电平抬升电路。A/D采样电路:多道生理记录仪输出电压是模拟信号,而计算机只能处理数字信号,因此我们采用低功耗单片机MSP430系列进行A/D转换。中央控制电路:整体采用低功耗单片机MSP430系列控制,包括输入键盘电路、输出显示电路、微机通信等。微机接口电路:单片机MSP430与微机数字通信,通过RS232异步通信传输方式进行传输数据。软件设计:硬件驱动软件:整体采用低功耗单片机MSP430系列作为中心控制,软件应用C语言程序实现,各种硬件驱动软件包括输入键盘电路驱动、输出显示电路驱动、微机通信电路驱动等。A/D采样软件:A/D转换软件采用定时器中断方式来控制采集的时间间隔,(以保证等间隔的采样数据),软件应用C语言程序实现.微机存储显示软件:微机的软件应用VB语言程序实现,包括主控Window窗口界面程序、微机通信程序、微机数据显示程序及微机存储和处理程序。A/D采样软件:A/D转换软件采用定时器中断方式来控制采集的时间间隔,(以保证等间隔的采样数据),软件应用C语言程序实现.微机存储显示软件:微机的软件应用VB语言程序实现,包括主控Window窗口界面程序、微机通信程序、微机数据显示程序及微机存储和处理程序。更多还原

【Abstract】 Multi-lead Physiological Recorder is an experimental instrument which can simultaneously record multiple physiological parameters, and it can collect physiological signals by sensors. After processed by experimental modules, these signals are converted into electrical signals and outputted by the amplifier and then recorded in the form of physiological curves depicted in the graph paper [1]. Multi-lead physiological recorder is a common device in the study of experimental medicine and clinical medicine. It has important significance for understanding the physiological and pathological changes of the disease and the effect of drugs.The center of functional experiment has five RM-6000 Multi-lead physiological recorders, purchased in the 1980 s, and is worth more than a million. The instrument is mainly composed of the host, oscilloscope, and recorder composition. It can observe and record more physiological parameters by oscilloscope and recorder at the same time. Meanwhile, it can also record the pressure, EEG, ECG, EMG, respiration, pulse and other physiological signals. For years, it plays an important role in teaching and research work. Due to it, there are about 600 students benefiting from it each semester and hundreds of paper on scientific research teaching and student independent design is published.The old multi-lead physiological recorder does not record for a long time and the recording pen is easily damaged. Moreover, recording paper cannot be long-term preservation and it only records but not analyze. Thus, it cannot meet the need of modern experiment teaching. And even some companies have no longer produced the old parts for the old multi-lead physiological recorder, so the broken recorder cannot be improved timely and thus this instrument has been in end-of-life stage [2]. Here, we use a large scale integrated circuit and computer hardware and software technology to develop a computer instrument which has biological signal display, processing, storage, and analysis for the experimental teaching. This project has some characteristics as follows:(1) to make the old multi-channel physiological recorder digitalization.(2) to save a lot of recording paper and pen(3) to make electrophysiological signal convert into digital signals, increasing the stability and reliability in the whole.(4) to provide a kind of menu operation which is easy to operate and communicate. Our Innovation is that the project can make the old polygraph modernization. In case of cancellation of record paper, it may record, storage and display, and be able to analyze and print various physiological signals. After reconstructing, it can replace the recorder and the oscilloscope. The new multi-lead physiological recorder can save millions of funds and be widely used in teaching, physiological, pharmacological and pathological physiology experimental biological signal detection, collection and analysis of the hardware of the system.The project mainly consists of two parts: hardware design and software design.Hardware designLevel conversion circuit: the output voltage of multi-lead physiological recorder ranges from plus ten volts to minus ten volts, but we use low power MSP430 series of signal acquisition, and the input voltage ranges from 0 to 3.6 volts. Therefore, we need a level conversion circuit and a voltage lifting circuit.A/D sampling circuit: the output voltage of the multi-lead physiological recorder is an analog signal, but the computer can only deal with digital signals, and thus we use low power microcontroller MSP430 series make A/D conversion.The central control circuit: we employ low power MSP430 MCU control in the whole, including the keyboard input circuit, output display circuit, communication circuit and microcomputer.The computer interface circuit: The MCU MSP430 communicated with the microcomputer through the RS232 asynchronous communication mode.Software designHardware driver software: we use the low power MSP430 MCU as the control center in the whole, and the software is realized by the C language. A variety of hardware driver software includes the keyboard input driver, the display output driver, and the computer communication driver et al.A/D sampling software: A/D conversion software uses the timing interrupt mode to control the interval of sampling time, which ensures the interval. The software is realized by the C language.The storage and display software of computer: The computer software is realized by the VB language, including a main control window interface procedures, a computer communication program, a microcomputer data display program, a computer storage and handling procedures.更多还原