【作者】 柳立；

【导师】 周冀衡； 卢秀萍；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 陆良县生态条件优良,是全国知名优质烤烟产区,陆良县烟叶具有品质纯正、色泽金黄、油润丰满、厚度适中、香气质好、燃烧性好、配伍性好等特点,为多个重点卷烟工业提供优质原料。为全面掌握陆良植烟土壤养分状况,采用GPS定位技术在陆良烟区采集土壤样本340个,利用地统计学和GIS技术对陆良烟区植烟土壤pH、有机质、大量元素、中量元素和微量元素进行了丰缺评价,主要结论如下：1、陆良植烟土壤酸碱度基本适宜,pH均值为5.92,微酸性(5.5-6.5)和中性(6.5-7.5)分布面积分别为54.19%和25.11%；陆良植烟土壤有机质含量基本适宜,均值为29.99g/kg；陆良植烟土壤全氮含量中等,均值为1.44 g/kg,大部分面积的土壤全氮含量中等偏上,44.33%面积的植烟土壤全氮含量偏高；陆良植烟土壤速效氮含量中等,均值为110.12mg/kg,约有22.25%面积的植烟土壤速效氮含量偏高；陆良植烟土壤全磷含量偏低,均值为0.92 g/kg,96.65%面积的植烟土壤全磷含量偏低；陆良植烟土壤有效磷丰富,91.11%面积的植烟土壤有效磷含量偏高；陆良植烟土壤全钾含量偏低,平均为11.57g/kg,97.68%面积的植烟土壤全钾含量偏低；陆良植烟土壤速效钾中等,平均为131.45 mg/kg,陆良烟区14.44%面积的土壤速效钾含量偏低。2、陆良烟区植烟土壤有效钙十分丰富,均值高达2021.48 mg/kg,所有土壤样本有效钙含量均在400mg/kg以上；有效镁含量亦较为丰富,平均为194.69 mg/kg,94.27%的植烟面积有效镁含量达100mg/kg以上；有效硫平均含量为52.88mg/kg,98.79%的面积植烟土壤有效硫含量偏高。3、陆良植烟土壤有效铁含量十分丰富,平均含量达76.79 mg/kg,98.85%的植烟面积土壤有效铁含量>20 mg/kg(很高)；陆良植烟土壤有效锰含量十分丰富,平均值为36.80 mg/kg,97.80%面积的土壤有效锰含量>20(很高)；陆良植烟土壤有效硼含量较低,平均含量为0.55 mg/kg,32.00%面积的土壤有效硼含量低(0.25-0.5 mg/kg);陆良植烟土壤有效锌含量中等,平均含量为2.14 mg/kg,7.58%面积的土壤缺锌(1.0-1.5)；陆良烟区植烟土壤有效铜较为丰富,平均含量达1.59 mg/kg,其中以“高”(1.0-1.8 mg/kg)和“很高”(>1.8 mg/kg)的土壤面积分别为55.73%和39.45%；陆良烟区植烟土壤有效钼含量较低,均值仅为0.14mg/kg,69.97%面积的植烟土壤缺钼；陆良烟区植烟土壤水溶性氯含量较高,平均值为49.69 mg/kg,97.57%面积的植烟土壤水溶性氯>30mg/kg。4、针对烟区土壤pH较低的区域,建议施用白云石粉调节土壤pH；对部分碱解氮含量超过120mg/kg的区域,应适当控制氮肥用量；全县除大莫古镇外,其他各乡镇均应适当控制磷肥用量；针对部分缺钾区域应适当增施钾肥；该烟区植烟土壤中量元素十分丰富,针对土壤硫含量>50mg/kg的区域须控制含硫肥料的施用。根据陆良烟区土壤微量元素评价结果,建议对全市基本烟田补施硼肥和钼肥,对龙海乡、召夸镇和三岔河镇的部分区域补充锌肥,全县应严格控制含氯肥料的施用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Luliang County, because of good ecological condition,, is a well-known high-quality flue-cured tobacco producing area. Luliang County tobacco has many advantages, for example, pure quality, golden color, luster, moderate thickness, good aroma quality, good combustibility, good compatibility and so on,.It provides the high-quality raw materials for a number of key cigarette industries. In order to evaluate the Luliang tobacco soil, GPS technology was used in Luliang,340 samples were collected, thepH, organic matter, nutrients and trace elements were evaluatedby using geostatistics and GIS technology, the main conclusions are as follows:1. Luliang tobacco soil pH is basiclly suitability, the mean of pH is 5.92, acid (5.5-6.5) and neutral (6.5-7.5) distribution area were 54.19% and 25.11%; Luliang tobacco soil organic matter content is appropriate, the average is 29.99 g/kg; The average of total nitrogen content in Luliang tobacco soil is 1.44 g/kg, the content of total nitrogen in soil of most area is medium, the total nitrogen content of 44.33% of the tobacco soil area is high; Luliang tobacco soil available nitrogen content is medium, the avarage value is 110.12mg/kg, the available nitrogen content of about 22.25% areaof tobacco soil is high; The phosphorus content in tobacco soil Lu Liang is low, the average value is 0.92 g/kg, the total phosphorus content of 96.65% tobacco soil area of Luliang is low; the available P in Luliang tobacco soil is rich, the available P content of 91.11% tobacco soil is high in Luliang; content of total K in Luliang tobacco soil is low, the average value is 11.57g/kg, the content of total K in 97.68% tobacco soil is low; the available potassium of Luliang tobacco soil is medium, average value is 131.45 mg/kg, the content of available potassium in 14.44%Luang tobacco soil is low.2. The available of Luliang tobacco soil is rich, the mean value is up to 2021.48 mg/kg, the available calcium content of all soil samples is above 400mg/kg; the available magnesium content in Luliang is abundant, the average value is 194.69 mg/kg, the available magnesium content in 94.27% tobacco area is more than 100mg/kg; the average content of available sulfur is 52.88mg/kg, the available sulfur content of 98.79% tobacco soil is high.3. The content of active iron in Luliang tobacco is very rich, the average value is up to 76.79 mg/kg, available iron in 98.85% tobacco planting area is more than 20 mg/kg (very high); the content of Mn in Luliang tobacco planting soil is rich, the average value is 36.80 mg/kg, the available manganese in 97.80% of the area is more than 20 (veryhigh); the content of available boron is low, the average content is 0.55 mg/kg, the content of available boron in 32% tobacco planting area is "low" (0.25-0.5 mg/kg); Zinc content in Luliang soil is medium, the average content is 2.14 mg/kg,7.58% tobacco planting area lack of zinc (1.0-1.5); Luliang planting tobacco soil is rich in copper, the average content is up to 1.59 mg/kg, the "high" (1.0-1.8 mg/kg) and "very high" (more than 1.8 mg/kg) distribution area are 55.73% and 39.45%; the available molybdenum content in Luliang tobacco planting soil is low, the average is 0.14mg/kg,69.97% area of tobacco soil lack of molybdenum; the water soluble chloride content in Luliang tobacco planting soil is high, the average value is 49.69 mg/kg, water soluble chloride in 97.57% tobacco soil is more than 30mg/kg.4. For the low PH area,, we suggest using dolomite powder to adjust pH value; For the area which nitrogen content is more than 120 mg/kg, should control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer; all the towns except DaMoGu should control the amount of phosphate; potassium deficiency area should add the using of potash; Medium elements in this area are very rich, The area which the sulfur content in soil is more than 50 mg/kg must control sulfur fertilizer. According to the evaluation results of trace elements in soils of Luliang, we suggest add boron and molybdenum to all the tobacco soil, and add zinc supplementation to Longhai Town, zhaokua town and three Chahe town. the whole area should control the using of chlorine fertilizer.更多还原