【作者】 王华；

【导师】 郑春梅；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 体育教学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 运用文献与影像等分析方法,对10套儿童广播体操成套动作的发展进行了分析,结果显示,整体上,10套成套动作的编排遵循了针对、科学和创新的编排原则；采用了组合、移植、改变节奏和完整的编排方法；注重成套动作的规范、趣味和实效,其成套动作结构合理,符合儿童广播体操对编排的要求,这是其发展的重要因素。(1)儿童广播体操的发展是中华人民共和国成立之后,人民政府重视提高少年儿童身体健康水平,在成年广播体操发展的基础上,1955年公布了第一套儿童广播体操。六十多年来,国家体育总局已公布了10套儿童广播体操,具有时间特征、阶段特征和历史特征。10套广播体操随着社会的不断进步与发展融入了更多的新鲜元素,各有创新点,但是无论怎样创新与多元,儿童广播体操用以增强儿童体质健康的本质目的是不变的。(2)儿童广播体操成套动作的基本动作具有：颈部、上肢、下肢,躯干和全身等各部位的练习特征,由屈伸、举振、转体、踢蹲和跳跃等各种运动组成。每一套操既全面地锻炼了身体各部分,又有效地促进了人体的正常发育和全面发展,达到了增强体质和增进健康的目的。(3)儿童广播体操成套动作的编排方法具有：组合；移植；改变节奏和完整编排特征。移植编排方法中,将日常生活中的有趣动作、小动物的可爱姿势以及舞蹈中的典型动作移植加工改造,分解成广播体操特点的单个或单节动作；改变节奏编排方法中,通过不同节奏(1/4、2/4、4/4)、不同强度(2*8、4*8、6*8、8*8),增强了儿童的运动负荷量,提高了内脏器官系统的功能,发展了身体的协调性、灵活性、柔韧性。(4)儿童广播体操成套动作的学习,不只是教动作和技能,更重要的是开发儿童对动作形成过程的认知能力。成套动作的运动负荷应考虑儿童人体机能活动的规律,做到动作由简到简；强度由弱到弱；速度由慢到慢,不可增加运动负荷。通常的顺序是：头颈→上肢→肩部→躯干→下肢→全身→跳跃→整理等。儿童成套动作应由局部到整体,一般每节为2×8拍,较激烈的跳跃动作可采用1×8拍为宜。随着儿童能力的增强,动作逐渐放大,运动负荷就会自然加大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Literature and image analysis methods, such as complete sets of movements for 10 sets of children’s radio gymnastics development are analyzed, the results showed that overall,10 sets of complete sets of action choreography follows the principles for, scientific and innovative choreography; Adopted the combination, transplantation, change the rhythm, and the complete arrangement method; Pay attention to the specification of complete set of movements, gout and actual effect, the complete set of reasonable structure, accord with the requirement of broadcasting gymnastics to layout, it is the important factor of its development.1.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the children’s broadcasting gymnastics is developed. Because the government attaches great importance to improve the level of children’s health, the first set of broadcast gymnastics is published in 1955. During Sixty years, the state general administration of sports have been reported 10 sets of children’s broadcast gymnastics, it has characteristics of time, phase and historical characteristics.2.The basic action of the complete set of movements of children’s broadcast gymnastics:neck, upper limbs, lower limbs, trunk and practice characteristics and so on various parts of the body, by flexion, for vibration, swivel, playing of squatting and jumping etc. Each set is not only fully exercise the body parts, but effectively promote the normal development and all-round development of the body, and achieve the goal of enhancing physique and improving health.3.Children’s radio gymnastics complete action choreography of method is:combination; Transplantation; Change features such as rhythm and complete layout. Transplant layout method will put the interesting action in everyday life and the postures of lovely small animals as well as the typical processing and reformation movement transplantation in dance into the characteristics of the broadcast gymnastics which can be divided into individual or single section; and through changing the orchestration of the rhythm method, it becomes different rhythm (1/4,2/4,4/4), and different strength (2* 8,4* 8* 8,6,8*8), to enhance the children’s sports load, improve the functions of the system of internal organs, develop coordination, flexibility, flexibility of the body.4.The development of children’s radio gymnastics is on the basis of the development of the complete set of movements in adult broadcast gymnastics. Its layout follows the principle of pertinence, scientific and innovative choreography, complete sets of movements pays attention to the standardization, interesting, and effectiveness of operation and its action structure is suit for the characteristics of children which has the development characteristics from simple to complex and from simple to complex.5.Children’s radio gymnastics complete sets of action learning is not only the actions and skills of teaching, the most important part is to develop children’s movement of the formation process of cognitive ability. Complete set of movements of sports load should be considered the regularity of the activities in the human body of children, the actions should from simple to simple; the strength should from weak to weak; speed should from slow to slow, do not increase the exercise load. The regular order is:head and neck to upper limbs, shoulders and torso to lower limb to the body, jumping, sorting, etc. The complete action should from part to whole, the general rhythm of each section is for the 2×8, a fierce jumps can use 1×8 pat. As children’s ability to strengthen, gradually enlarge, motion load will be naturally increased.更多还原