【作者】 于淼；

【导师】 赫俊国；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 土木工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 哈尔滨段松花江水受上游工矿企业的污染以及水文气候条件的影响,属于典型冬季低温低浊高氨氮、夏季高有机物的复杂微污染水体,目前水厂的常规混凝沉淀工艺很难将出水水质处理后达到标准。课题以哈尔滨段松花江水为研究对象,针对性地开展了粉末活性炭吸附性能试验、粉末活性炭+强化混凝沉淀实验、预臭氧实验以及臭氧+强化混凝沉淀实验对污染物去除效能研究。粉末活性炭吸附性能试验表明,最佳吸附动力学参数为:第一级吸附搅拌转速n1=300r/min,吸附时间t1=1min;第二级吸附搅拌转速n2=100r/min,吸附时间t2=30min。粉末活性炭投加量及吸附时间研究表明,2#炭在吸附性能优于1#炭,吸附0.5h时,水中耗氧量和UV254的去除率分别为20.78%、24.49%,占总去除率的69.27%、72.01%。吸附容量及等温曲线试验也表明得到2#炭>1#炭。PAC+混凝沉淀实验表明,2#PAC对松花江污染物去除效果更好,最适投加量为20~40mg/L,沉后浊度为0.74~1.4NTU,色度降低到9~14度,耗氧量、UV254、氨氮的去除率分别为44.84%~53.74%、47%~56%、17.60%~21.26%。水质冲击负荷实验表明,当原水耗氧量为13.22mg/L时,PAC最佳投加量不变,浊度及氨氮的去除效果基本不变,耗氧量去除率降低到29.65%~36.46%;当调节原水氨氮为2.576mg/L时,随着2#炭投加量增加,氨氮净去除量为0.3~0.4mg/L,去除率12%~15%,PAC吸附氨氮效果较差。高氨氮高有机物原水试验表明,由于PAC吸附原理不同,两种污染物间不构成明显的竞争吸附。预臭氧氧化对送花江水强化处理试验表明,两级投加方式较单级投加对污染物的去除效能更佳,当O3投加量为1.96 mg/L,投加的最佳比例为1:1时,臭氧氧化后,出水中浊度及氨氮均略微有所增加,耗氧量和UV254的最佳去除率为22.35%及26.32%。预臭氧+混凝沉淀试验表明,臭氧最佳投加量为1.3mg/L时,适量投加臭氧具有助凝作用,沉后浊度为0.64NTU,耗氧量、UV254及氨氮去除率分别为55.3%、53.72%、16.39%,预臭氧+强化混凝沉淀对氨氮去除效果不佳。有机物冲击负荷试验表明,高氨氮原水下,预臭氧+强化混凝沉淀对氨氮的去除率为11%~16%;高有机物原水下,预臭氧+强化混凝沉淀对耗氧量去除率为22%~34%。高氨氮高有机物试验表明,有机物的浓度会直接影响预臭氧消耗量,但氨氮浓度对臭氧消耗量影响较小。本论文基于松花江冬季低温低浊高氨氮水质的特点,通过小试及中试试验研究,得到了粉末活性炭的最佳吸附动力学参数及对污染物的去除效能,预臭氧的最佳投加方式、投加比例及投加量,并在粉末活性炭、臭氧预处理分别联合强化混凝沉淀试验中得到了水厂运行最佳的工艺参数,为启动松花江作为饮用水工程项目奠定了技术基础,并为类似水体的水厂生产运行及改建等提供了科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Harbin section of the Songhua River water pollution affected the upper reaches of the mining industry and hydro-climatic conditions, typical of the winter low temperature and turbidity high ammonia summer high organic complex micro-polluted water, Current conventional coagulation sedimentation process Waterworks treated effluent quality is difficult to meet the standards. Subject to the Harbin section of the Songhua River water for the study, targeted to carry out the powdered activated carbon adsorption performance test, Powdered Activated Carbon + enhanced coagulation assays, pre-ozone oxidation experiments and pre-ozone + enhanced coagulation assays pollutant removal efficiency research.Powdered activated carbon(PAC) adsorption performance test showed that the optimum adsorption kinetics parameters were: first stage adsorption stirring speed n1=300r/min, the adsorption time t1=1min; second stage adsorption stirring speed n2=100r/min, the adsorption time t2=30min. Time to study the PAC dosage and adsorption showed that the carbon in the adsorption properties of # 2 is better than 1 #charcoal,adsorption at 0.5h, water oxygen consumption and UV254 removal rate were20.78%, 24.49%, of the total removal of 69.27%, 72.01%. Adsorption capacity and isotherm tests also showed that 2 # carbon get better than 1 # carbon.PAC + coagulation sedimentation experiments show, 2 # PAC pollutant removal better of the Songhua River, the optimum dosage of 20 ~ 40 mg / L, after sedimentation,turbidity of 0.74 ~ 1.4NTU, chromaticity down to 9 to 14 degrees, oxygen consumption,UV254, ammonia nitrogen removal rates were 44.84%~53.74%, 47%~56%, 17.60%~21.26%. Water shock load experiments showed that when the raw water oxygen consumption was 13.22mg/L, PAC optimum dosage constant, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency is essentially the same, oxygen consumption removal decreased to 29.65%~36.46%; when adjusting the raw water when ammonia was2.576mg/L, with an increase of 2 # carbon dosage, ammonia net removal of0.3~0.4mg/L, the removal rate of 12%~15%, PAC adsorption of ammonia less effective..High ammonia high organic raw water tests showed that the different PAC adsorption principle, between the two pollutants do not constitute a significant competitive adsorption.Strengthening of the Songhua river ozonation treatment tests showed that twostage dosing compared with single-stage dosing is more efficacious for the removal of contaminants, when the ozone dosage of 1.96 mg/L, the optimal dosing ratio of 1:1,after ozonation, the water turbidity and ammonia were slightly increased,the best removal of oxygen consumption and UV254 were 22.35%, 26.32%.Preozonation+coagulation sedimentation test showed that the optimum dosage of ozone was 1.3mg/L, the appropriate amount of ozone has coagulant effect, after sedimentation,turbidity was 0.64 NTU, oxygen consumption, UV254 and ammonia removal efficiency was respectively 55.3%, 53.72%, 16.39%, the pre-ozone +enhanced coagulation sedimentation was ineffective for ammonia removal. Organic shock load tests showed that under conditions of high ammonia nitrogen source underwater, the pre-ozone + enhanced coagulation precipitation of ammonia nitrogen removal rate was11% to 16%; under conditions of high organic raw water, pre-ozone + enhanced coagulation sedimentation to oxygen consumption removal was 22% to 34%. High Ammonia and high organic water tests showed the concentration of organic matter will directly affect the pre-ozone depletion, but the concentration of ammonia will affect smaller on ozone depletion.In this paper, based on the Songhua River in winter low temperature and turbidity high ammonia water quality characteristics, through a small pilot study and pilot test,got the best of powdered activated carbon adsorption kinetic parameters and removal efficiency of pollutants, the best pre-ozone dosing method, dosage and dosage ratio.And powdered activated carbon, ozone pretreatment enhanced coagulation precipitation test were combined with the water running to get the best process parameters for the start of the Songhua River as the foundation for drinking water project, and provide scientific basis for the operation and alteration of water plant in similar water body.更多还原