【作者】 张路；

【导师】 姜小明；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 物理化学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 离子液体型表面活性剂是具有表面活性的离子液体,它同时具有表面活性剂和离子液体的优良特性。主客体化学是当今化学领域研究的一个新的发展方向,研究瓜环与表面活性剂分子的包络行为,有助于揭示主客体作用的机理,而且为设计或构筑功能化的“超分子”奠定基础。Gemini表面活性剂是一类同时具有两个亲水基和两条疏水链的新型表面活性剂;Bola表面活性剂是由两个亲水基用疏水链连接起来的化合物。Gemini表面活性剂和Bola表面活性剂属于新型表面活性剂,它们的研究已成为当前表面活性剂化学研究的热点。本文以咪唑、1,2-二溴乙烷、1,6-二溴己烷、4,4-联吡啶、溴代烷烃等为主要原料,通过系列反应合成了四种离子液体型表面活性剂,并通过核磁共振谱法对它们的结构进行了表征。研究了Gemini表面活性剂在纯水中的表面活性规律。通过表面张力曲线获得了表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)以及临界胶束浓度时的表面张力(γcmc)、饱和吸附量(Γmax)等物化参数。结果表明,随着Gemini表面活性剂的疏水基碳原子数的增加,临界胶束浓度(cmc)依次降低。随着Gemini表面活性剂的连接基团碳原子数的增加,临界胶束浓度(cmc)和最低表面张力(γcmc)都是依次升高。采用核磁、等温滴定量热(ITC)及表面张力等方法研究了离子液体型表面活性剂与瓜环的相互作用。Gemini咪唑表面活性剂与六元瓜环Q[6]之间作用模式倾向于1:1,作用位置在中部连接基团处;Gemini联吡啶表面活性剂与八元瓜环Q[8]之间作用模式倾向于1:2,作用位置在疏水链上;Bola咪唑表面活性剂与与六元瓜环Q[6]之间作用模式倾向于1:1,作用位置在疏水链上;离子Bola联吡啶表面活性剂与七元瓜环Q[7]之间作用模式倾向于1:1,作用位置在亲水基上。在瓜环的作用下离子液体型表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和最低表面张力(γcmc)都升高,表面活性降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Imidazoliurn surfactant has properties of both surfactant and ionic liquid. The host-guest chemistry is one main direction of chemical research. The study of hostguest chemistry between cucurbit and imidazoliurn surfactant will help us to design supramolecular compoundsGemini surfactant consists of two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic chains,which are connected with a spacer group. Bola surfactant is a compound which has two hydrophilic polar groups connected with a hydrophobic chain. Gemini surfactant and Bola surfactant are new types of surfactants.We synthesized two kinds of surfactants which can be used as ionic liquid. The main raw materials included imidazole, 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,6-Dibromohexane, 4,4-bipyridine, etc.The surface properties of the Gemini surfactants in the aqueous solution were studied. The physic-chemical parameters such as the critical micelle concentration(cmc), the surface tension(γcmc) and the saturation adsorption capacity(Γmax) were measured. When the number of carbon atoms of the link group increased, the critical micelle concentration(cmc) and the surface tension(γcmc) increased. When the number of carbon atoms of hydrophobic chain increased, the value of cmc decreased.The host-guest complexes about cucurbit and surfactant were investigated used1 H NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC) and surface tension. The ratio of ILGIS and Q[6] is 1:1. The location is at the link group. The ratio of ILGBS and Q[8] is 1:2and the location is at the hydrophobic chain. The ratio of ILBIS and Q[6] is 1:1 and the location is at the hydrophobic chain. The ratio of ILBBS and Q[7] is 1:2 and the location is at the hydrophilic group. The values of cmc and γcmc increased due to the effect of cucurbit.更多还原