【作者】 孙凯；

【导师】 刘翔； 贾瑞宝；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 环境工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,我国城市污水的排放监管日益严格,而各污水处理厂运行过程中突发的进水异常冲击越来越严重,对工艺稳定运行造成很大的冲击。为解决这一问题,本研究在改良厌氧/缺氧/好氧工艺(A/A/O)运行经验的基础上,提出了应对异常进水的多功能池/厌氧/缺氧/好氧改造工艺(M+A/A/O)。将污泥回流点由一点回流改为两点回流,将原选择池升级为多功能池,形成混合区和沉淀区。在正常情况下,按照改良A/A/O工艺的方式运行。当进水异常时,进水全部进入多功能池,回流污泥10%~20%回流至多功能池,此时多功能池作为生物絮凝吸附池使用,处理后的污水再进入厌氧池与其余80%~90%活性污泥混合。本研究对M+A/A/O主要设计参数的选择及运行控制的优化进行了研究,并对其投资运行成本进行了分析。(1)高浓度有机废水、Cr、Cu、油类和高浊度废水对活性污泥性能具有一定的影响。在进水浓度分别达到670mg/L、28mg/L、21 mg/L、250mg/L、450mg/L时出水COD达到一级A排放标准限值。进水污染物浓度应控制在此范围内。(2)吸附动力学试验表明,活性污泥对有机物、Cr和Cu重金属、油类和泥砂类高浊度的吸附主要发生在吸附的前10min,30min以后吸附基本达到平衡。通过Langmuir吸附等温线的拟合得出,活性污泥对有机物、Cr、Cu、油类和无机颗粒物的最大吸附容量分别为:470 mg/g、71 mg/g、61 mg/g、370 mg/g、526 mg/g。最佳吸附反应时间和絮凝沉淀时间分别为30min和60min,泥水混合比例20%,活性污泥对进水中异常污染物的综合吸附效果较好。(3)多功能池对有机物吸附去除率达到79%~82%,SS的吸附去除率达到了74%~81%,对油类的去除率在84%~92%,对Cr和Cu去除率平均达到了80%和85%,多功能池出水污染物浓度显著降低,对后续生化处理基本不会造成冲击影响。(4)以10×104m3/d处理规模的污水处理厂为例,采用M+A/A/O工艺处理高浓度有机废水、无机类高浊度废水、含油废水异常污水的综合处理成本较正常进水浓度分别增加0.027元/m3或0.015元/m3、0.027元/m3、0.027元/m3,重金属废水则降低0.002元/m3。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the city of urban sewage abnormal emission regulation increasingly strict, the sewage treatment plant operation process in a burst of influent the abnormal impact is becoming more and more serious, causing a great impact on the stable operation of the process. In order to solve this problem, this study proposed the anaerobic / anoxic / aerobic process improvement(M + A/A/O) based on two point sludge reflow process based on the experience of improving A/A/O process. The sludge return point is changed from one point to two points, and the original selection pool is upgraded to a multifunctional pool, forming the mixing zone and precipitation area. Under normal circumstances, the improved A/A/O process is run. When the influent anomaly, all the water into the pool, sludge reflux 10 ~ 20% return at least functional pool. At this time of multifunction tank as chemical biological flocculation and adsorption pool use, treatment of sewage re entering the anaerobic tank and the remaining 80% ~ 90% activated sludge mixed. This study studied the selection of the main design parameters of M+A/A/O and the optimization of operation control, and analyzed the operating costs of the investment.(1) High concentrations of organic wastewater, Cr, Cu, oil and high turbidity wastewater have a certain effect on the performance of activated sludge. The effluent COD reached the first grade A emission limits at the influent concentrations of 670mg/L, 28mg/L, 21 mg/L, 450mg/L, 250mg/L, respectively. The concentration of influent contaminant should be controlled in this range.(2) The adsorption kinetics experiment showed that, the adsorption of organic matter, heavy metals, oil and inorganic particles to activated sludge occurred mainly in the adsorption of 10 min before and after 30 min adsorption balance. Through the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity of activated sludge to organic matter, chromium, copper, oil and inorganic particles were as follows: 470mg/g, 71mg/g, 61mg/g, 370 mg/g, 526 mg/g. The best adsorption reaction time and flocculation time were 60 min and 30 min, the sludge mixed proportion 20%, and the activated sludge was better for the comprehensive adsorption of abnormal pollutants in influent.(3) Multifunction tank on the adsorption of organic matter removal rate reached 79%~82%, SS removal rate reached 74% ~ 81%, oil removal rate in 84% ~ 92%, Cr and Cu removal rate has reached 80% and 85% on average, multifunction tank effluent concentration of pollutants significantly reduced, for subsequent biochemical treatment will not cause impact.(4) For a 10 million m3 / d scale of the sewage treatment plant, for example, the cost of the comprehensive treatment of high concentration organic wastewater, high turbidity inorganic wastewater, oily wastewater abnormal sewage than normal influent concentration increased 0.027 yuan / m3 or 0.015 yuan / m3, 0.027 yuan / m3, 0.027 yuan / m3, heavy metal wastewater decreased 0.002 yuan / m3.更多还原