【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 田社平；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 仪器科学与技术， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 作为旋转机械的主要激振源,转子不平衡会在转子中引起挠曲、内应力,激发振动以及噪声,从而降低机械装备的工作性能和效率,缩短设备的使用年限,严重的情况下甚至会造成转轴断裂,损坏掉整台机组,威胁到人身安全。因此无论从经济因素还是安全因素考虑,旋转机械的动平衡都具有重要的价值和意义。动平衡分为机上动平衡和现场动平衡。随着科学技术的发展,现场动平衡仪因其便携、价格低廉、操作方便等特点获得了广泛的应用。本文针对现场动平衡软硬件系统进行深入的分析和研究,旨在开发一款用于现场动平衡的便携式仪器。本文首先介绍了旋转机械中不平衡量的来源及表示方法、转子不平衡校正原理等动平衡理论。以此为基础在充分考虑了本次开发的现场动平衡仪应具有的多功能、高精度等技术上的要求外,同时考虑到外观、成本、功耗、便携性、操作方便性等市场上对产品的要求,设计了现场动平衡仪的硬件系统。硬件设计具体包括两方面工作,一是对传感器、控制器、触摸屏等核心部件进行选型,二是对相应硬件电路进行设计。另外研究了现场动平衡信号处理方法,仿真对比了卡尔曼滤波、自适应噪声对消技术、递推DFT算法等噪声抑制、信号提取算法。根据现场动平衡的要求和特点,提出了现场动平衡仪的软件设计方案并进行转速测量、振动信号测量、振动信号处理等模块的开发工作。为了检验所开发的现场动平衡仪的性能和应用效果,分别在实验室以及现场对其进行试验研究。本文最后总结了所开展的全部研究工作,同时指出进一步研究以及改进的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the main exciting source of rotating machine, imbalance will cause deflection, internal stress in rotor and excite vibration and noise, thereby reducing the performance and working efficiency of machine, shortening the equipment service life. In severe cases imbalance even will cause shaft’s fracture, destroying the whole machine and endangering personnel safety. So dynamic balancing of rotating machine has an important significance in terms of economic value and safety. There are generally two kinds of methods of dynamic balancing: balancing on the balanc ing machine and field balancing. With the development of science and technology, field dynamic balancing instrument has been widely used for its portability, low price and convenient operation. In this paper, deep analys is and research on hardware and software has been carried out to develop a portable instrument for field dynamic balancing.This paper describes in detail the origin, representation and correction theory of unbalance. Based on this theory and balancing two requirements of technique and product, such as multi-function, high-precis ion and appearance, cost, power consumption, portability, convenient operation, the hardware system of field dynamic balancing instrument is designed. The hardware design covers two aspects of work, one is the selection of sensor, controller, touch screen and other core components, and the other is the design of the corresponding hardware circuit. In addition, some signal processing algorithms which can be used in field dynamic balanc ing for noise suppression or signal extraction have been studied such as Kalman filter, the adaptive noise cancellation technology, and recursive DFT algorithm. All these algorithms’ performance is tested via MATLAB simulation. Meanwhile, according to the requirements and features of field dynamic balancing, the software design scheme of field dynamic balanc ing instrument is put forward and corresponding software modules are developed such as measurement of rotor speed, vibration signal measurement and processing. Laboratory and field experiment are carried out in order to verify the performance of the developed field dynamic balancing instrument.At the end of this paper, all research work is summarized and farther imagination for future research is given out.更多还原