【作者】 张海峰；

【导师】 李彦鹏；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 环境工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 近些年,闻霾色变,室外空气环境质量已经引起了人们足够的重视,可谓社会热点环境问题之一。相比较,我们对于绝大部分时间处在的室内空气环境研究甚少。在室内空气环境的研究中,微生物气溶胶和大气细颗粒物已越来越受到国内外学者广泛而高度的重视。因此,开展空调系统下的室内环境在不同气流组织形式下微生物气溶胶与大气细颗粒物的研究,对于探究室内空气环境质量有着重要意义。本实验于2014年12月—2015年1月于长安大学朱雀校区气流实验室,选用Andersen六级撞击式空气微生物采样仪和PC-3A(S)型粉尘检测仪分别对于气流室内外微生物气溶胶和大气细颗粒物进行了采样研究,详细考察在室外为非霾天状况下,通过调配不同送排风气流组织形式及变化换气次数,密闭室内建筑环境大气微生物气溶胶和大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)的污染变化状况、水平及影响因素。结论如下:(1)气流室内不同工况下的PM2.5浓度峰值均出现在换气次数为1次/h时,最小值均在换气次数为4次/h时,相比于换气次数为0次/h时,降幅分别达到了17.9%、30.9%、11.4%。(2)不同工况下的气流室内微生物气溶胶浓度均存在着较大的差异,同时细菌微生物气溶胶浓度显著大于真菌微生物气溶胶浓度(p<0.05)。其中,在换气次数为1次/h时,室内微生物气溶胶浓度在大部分工况下会出现突增,随后随着换气次数的增加逐渐降低。总之,通过室内外空气交换,室内微生物气溶胶的浓度有着一定程度的变化,即对室内空气品质有着相应的影响。(3)在气流室内不同工况下,微生物气溶胶粒径主要分布在0.65-4.7μm的范围。同时,可吸入细菌气溶胶占细菌气溶胶的比例,在20.1%-84.9%的范围,可吸入真菌气溶胶占真菌气溶胶的比例波动在53.8%-79.8%的范围。另外,细菌气溶胶的中值直径显著大于真菌气溶胶(p<0.05)。其中,细菌中值直径的最大值出现在侧送门排,真菌出现在侧送底排。⑷在气流室不同送排风组合形式及换气次数下,大气细颗粒物PM2.5浓度与细菌、真菌气溶胶浓度的相关性上,侧面送风顶部排风的相关性要好于侧面送风对门排风、侧面送风底部排风。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with being afraid of the haze,the quality of outdoor air environment,which is one of the most hot social environmental problems,has seriously attracted People’s attention.In comparison,we had little research on the indoor air environment in which we had a lot of time.In the research of indoor air environment,microbial aerosols and atmospheric fine particles have been got more and more high attention by domestic and overseas scholars.Therefore,carrying out the research of microbial aerosols and atmospheric fine particles,under different airflow patterns, has a important significance in the exploration of the quality of indoor air environment.We sampled the airborne microorganisms and atmospheric fine particles by Andersen 6-stage impactor and PC-3A(S) dust detector to discuss from december,2014 to January,2015 in the laboratory of airflow in chang`an university,and we were going to have a detailed investigation on the situation of pollution changing,level and influencing factors of the microbial aerosols and atmospheric particles(PM2.5) in enclosed interior architecture environment under different airflow patterns and the rate of air exchange.The results are as follows.⑴The peak of the concentration of PM2.5 were in the rate of air exchange of 1 per-hour and the minimum value were the rate of air exchange of 4 per-hour under the condition of different airflow patterns and the rate of air exchange.Comparing to the rate of air exchange of 0 per-hour,the concentration of PM2.5 of the rate of air exchange of 4 per-hour have a deciline in the percentage of 17.9%、30.9%、11.4%.⑵The concentration of indoor microbial aerosols were seriously different under different airflow patterns and the rate of air exchange,and the bacterial aerosols concentration were significantly higher than the fungi aerosols(p<0.05).When the rate of air exchange is 1 per-hour,the concentration of indoor microbial aerosols had sharply increased,and then it would decrease as the adding of the rate of air exchange.In total, the concentration of indoor microbial aerosols had relevant changes through different airflow patterns and the rate of air exchange the same as the quality of indoor.⑶ In the condition of different airflow patterns and the rate of air exchange in the laboratory of airflow,the size range of indoor microbial aerosols was 0.65-4.7μm.The ratio between inhaled bacteria aerosols in bacterial aerosols was 20.1%-84.9%,and the ratio between inhaled fungi aerosols in fungal aerosols was 53.8%-79.8%.In addition,the median diameter of bacterial aeroslos was outstandingly higher than fungi(p<0.05).And the maximum of the median diameter of bacterial aeroslos was in the condition of lateral supply-gate return and fungal aerosols was in the condition of lateral supply-lateral return.⑷In the correlation of bacteria、fungi microbial aerosols and the desity of PM2.5 in the in the laboratory of airflow, the condition of lateral-supply and gate- return was better than the condition of lateral-supply and lateral-return, lateral-supply and gate-return.更多还原