对《马可波罗行纪》的传播框架研究

【作者】 王娜；

【导师】 李卫东；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 传播学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 于1271年,意大利威尼斯商人马可·波罗跟随父亲和叔父沿着丝绸之路来到中国,路上共历时四年多的时间。他们在中国游历了17年,于1295年返回威尼斯。《马可波罗行纪》于1298年成书,后在欧洲广为流传。《马可波罗行纪》无可厚非是一部非常有影响力的作品。他对于欧洲的文艺复兴、地理大发现、新航道的发现无疑做出了重大的贡献。关于其影响,史学上有大量的文章研究。本文则将研究视角转向传播学,从传播学角度对这一历史巨著进行解读。笔者运用框架理论就《马可波罗行纪》对13世纪中国形象的报道进行研究。本研究以框架理论的三个层次结构展开即框架的高层次结构、中层次结构和低层次结构。结合《行纪》的内容,笔者在研究中将框架理论的三层次结构归类为以下三个方面：《行纪》的核心主题分析、《行纪》的素材选择分析以及《行纪》的语言分析。笔者对《行纪》的核心主题进行了数据分类统计；对《行纪》的素材选择进行了内容对比分析即将《行纪》报道的中国形象与13世纪中国进行对比,所选取的对比元素包括以下六个方面：政治体制和礼仪风俗、经济体制、科学技术和文化体制、宗教发展。对《行纪》的语言分析则通过关键词、报道基调和传播倾向性三个方面展开。最后,对传播者的个人因素和《行纪》成书时的时代背景两方面的解读,探讨了《行纪》框架形成的原因。通过以上关于马可·波罗对13世纪中国形象报道的研究。笔者探究了以下几个问题：其一马可·波罗为13世纪的欧洲社会大众传播了怎样的中国形象。它是否是元朝中国的真实再现?其二在《行纪》传播的过程中,马可·波罗选择重组了哪些信息?其三形成《行纪》报道框架的原因是什么?通过研究发现：《行纪》所建构的媒介现实并非客观现实本身的再现。马可·波罗通过自己认识事物的基模对13世纪元朝中国的经济制度、宗教发展以及政治体制三方面进行了重点报道,对礼仪风俗、科学技术和文化体制则提及较少。他以三种角色报道中国：臣服于王的一般社会大众、专业的商人、基督教传教士。在关键词和报道基调的选择上都是积极正面的。马可·波罗用最高级描述了中国,创造了西方集体记忆中的中国形象,为13世纪欧洲大众呈现了一个政治制度开明、物质资源丰富、商业发展繁荣、经济实力雄厚、多种宗教平等共存且社会习俗神奇多彩的东方之国。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 1271, Marco Polo a merchant who lives in the city of Venice, Italian, came to China following with his father and uncle, along the silk road. It took more than four years on the journey. They had lived in China for 17 years, then back to Venice in 1294. The book called 《The Travels of Marco Polo》 were published in 1298,then widely circulated in Europe.Undoubtedly It is a very influential book. It made a major contribution for European Renaissance, Geographical Discovery, The Discovery of New Channel. There is a large number of articles that research about the impact of the book, on historiography. The study Angle of this article is on communication. What the author study on the theory of Framework is how the book reported the image of China in 13th century. The author use the three aspects of Framework Theory,which called the High order structure、the Middle order structure and the Low order structure, to research. According to the content of the book, the author made the three aspects of Framework Theory as three classifications,which are The Analysis of the Main Point of the Book、The Analysis of the Material’s choice of the Book、The Analysis of the Discourse of the Book. The author classify and statistics the Analysis of the Main Point of the Book, by date. The author compare the two different contents of The Analysis of the Material’s choice of the Book. The author study the Analysis of the Discourse of the Book by the key words in the book,the tone of report, the tendentiousness of the content.Finally,The author study the two influence factors of the forming of certain Framework, which is about the Journalists and the social environment of the book’s birth.By studying as above, The author answer these questions as follows.whether it is the real China at Yuan Dynasty? In the process of transmission, what information were choose and restructured by Marco Polo choice? And what is the real reason? At the same time, What is the image of the China in the Yuan dynasty in the eyes of people in the transition period of the 13th century European, after reading the book? What the conclusion is that the reality constructed by the book is not objective. Marco Polo through his own understanding, reported these three aspects of Yuan Dynasty: Economic system, the political system and the development of religious to the audience of the Europe 13th. There are a few chapters on the etiquette system, the achievement of technology and science and the social culture of Yuan Dynasty. He reported China by three perspectives which is the general public, the professional traders, the Christian missionaries. The key words and report tone of the book is optimistic. Marco Polo created a collective memory which owns all westerners of China, though describing with the most senior. What the book presents to the 13th European mass is a liberal political system, rich in resources, commercial prosperity, religion coexistence oriental country.更多还原