【作者】 王勇；

【导师】 陈登龙；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 化学工艺， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 以无患子残渣为原料,H3P04为活化剂制备活性炭,通过正交实验对制备工艺进行了优化,探讨浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。利用N2吸附-脱附实验、扫描电镜等实验技术,对活性炭的性能与结构进行表征。结果表明：浸渍比为1：1、活化温度为500℃、活化时间为60 min时,制备的活性炭碘吸附值为773mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为82 mg/g；测试结果为BET比表面积为738m2/g、累积吸附总孔容达0.6692 cm3/g、平均孔径为3.6257nm。考察投炭量、苯酚初始浓度、苯酚溶液pH值、吸附温度对活性炭吸附的影响,探讨在不同实验条件下活性炭对苯酚吸附的影响。结果表明：在中性条件下,活性炭吸附苯酚效果最佳；温度对活性炭吸附苯酚的影响不大,所制备的活性炭对苯酚具有良好的吸附效果。以无患子残渣为原料,KOH与K2C03作为活化剂,采用微波炭化和活化两步法制备超高比表面积活性炭,通过正交实验优化制备工艺,考察碱炭比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭制备的影响,利用N2吸附-脱附实验、FTIR、XRD、SEM等实验技术,对无患子原料和无患子残渣活性炭的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明：在碱炭质量比为4：1、活化温度为800℃、活化时间为30min的制备工艺条件下,所得活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附值为595 mg/g,测试结果为BET比表面积为3597.4m2/g、吸附累积总孔容达1.8204 cm3/g、平均孔径为2.0241 nm。探讨在不同实验的条件下超高比表面积活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附能力,并对活性炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学进行了研究。本研究以无患子残渣为原料,通过工艺的探讨与优化,制备出H3P04法活性炭与超高比表面积活性炭,拓宽了生物质活性炭的应用范围。本研究为无患子残渣的利用找到了一个合理的出路,并实现了高值化利用,具有较显著的环境、社会和经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 The activated carbon was prepared by using the Sapindus residue with H3PO4 as a activator. The preparation process was optimized by orthogonal experiments, the influences of the mass ratio of alkali to carbon, activation temperature and hold time toward the methylene blue and iodine adsorption on activated carbon were investigate. The structures and properties of the activated carbon were characterized by the nitrogen adsorption-desorption and SEM methods. Experiments of adsorption of phenol-contained waste water by activated carbon were carried out. Some important factors such as activated carbon quantity, adsorption temperature, initial concentration of phenol and pH value were studied. Results showed that the adsorption of methylene blue and iodine on activated carbon can reach 82 mg/g and 773 mg/g, respectively, at an impregnation ratio of 1:1, an activation temperature of 500℃ and a hold time of 60 min. Meanwhile, the produced activated carbon possesses a specific surface area (SBET=738 m2/g) and adsorption pore volume (V=0.6692 cm3/g) with an average pore size diameter of 3.6257 nm. The optimum condition of adsorption is neutral, low temperature is good for adsorption, but temperature had limited effects on adsorption. The Sapindus activated carbon showed good results on adsorption capacity to phenol.The activated carbon with super-high specific surface area was prepared from Sapindus residue through microwave carbonization and classic activation method with KOH and K2CO3 as the activator. By investigating the methylene blue adsorption on activated carbon, the orthogonal experiments were applied to determine the optimistic activation condition, including the mass ratio of alkali to carbon, the activation temperature and the hold time. The structures and properties of activated carbon were characterized by the nitrogen adsorption-desorption, XRD and FTIR methods. The experiments showed that the maximum adsorption value of methylene blue on activated carbon was 595 mg/g where the alkali to carbon mass ratio was 4:1; the activation temperature was 800℃ and the hold time was 30 min. In this condition, the produced activated carbon had a large specific surface area (SBET= 3597.4 m2/g) and a high adsorption pore volume (V= 1.8204 cm3/g) with average pore size diameter of 2.0241 nm.We can select the best optimal conditions for preparing super-high specific surface a rea of activated carbon to perform adsorption experiments of the analog Cr (VI) waste water. The aim is to explore adsorption capacity of the ultra-high surface area of activat ed carbon Cr (VI) under different experimental conditions. Moreover, the kinetics of Cr ( VI) adsorbed by activated carbon was studied.Through modification and optimization of the preparing process, this research presents a prepare method of the ordinary activated carbon and super-high specific surface area activated carbon from the Sapindus residue after Saponins and bio-diesel extraction, that expands the application scope of biomass activated carbon. It not only helps to save the coal resource, but also gives an appropriate way to deal the wasted Sapindus residue. With this high added value, resource saving and easy commercialized solution, this research possesses some certain economic, environmental and social benefits.更多还原