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北方海航道航行中程租合同下出租人法定义务研究

Research on Shipowners’ Statutory Obligations of Voyage Charter-party under the Navigation through the Northern Sea Route

【作者】 刘媛媛

【导师】 白佳玉;

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 , 法律(专业学位), 2015, 硕士

【摘要】 随着气候变暖北极冰融,北极通航成为现实。毗邻俄罗斯的北方海航道具备大规模商业通航的自然优势。北方海航道开通后,中俄抑或中欧间取道北方海航道的贸易往来将急剧增加,俄罗斯作为濒临北冰洋同时拥有北极圈内最长海岸线的国家,尤其关注自己在北极地区的战略利益,而中国作为近北极国家,无疑也将大大受益于此条线路,具有极强的商业现实意义。基于北极相对恶劣的自然环境,这类大规模商业通航前签订的海上货物运输合同将更多采取程租合同的形式完成。除法律强制性规定外,出租人和承租人有权就北方海航道的利用签订程租合同。在此背景下的海上货物运输将不可避免的涉及到中俄两国相关国内法的适用,程租船合同中出租人必须遵守的法定义务尤其应引起重视。本文的创新点主要体现在研究内容上的创新,针对不同的具体问题和案例,结合传统国际航运惯例及中俄现行法律规定,对于在北方海航道航行中出现的一些实践性的问题作出重点分析,并提出了较为详细的操作性较强的建议。具体来说,本文以北方海航道航行为背景,将全文分为引言、正文和结论三个大部分,其中正文首先对北方海航道航行背景下准据法的适用进行了说明,主要包括过境运输时和以俄罗斯港口为出发港/目的港时的法律适用;接下来,对中俄两国法律中有关程租合同下出租人的适航义务、管货义务、不得不合理绕航义务进行分析,指出两国法律下对出租人适用的强制性法定义务,并将两国法律相关条款进行对比,得出出租人法定义务条款的异同点及注意事项;另外,文章针对各项法定义务,进一步分析了海运实践中出租人法定义务形成的国际航运惯例及北方海航道航行适用中的利益平衡;最后论文以中方利益为视角提出相关建议,以期对海上运输实务中的中方当事人有所裨益。

【Abstract】 With the global climate warming continuously, sea ice of the Arctic is melting rapidly,and the navigation of the Arctic route drew near. As an important component of the Arctic route, the northern sea route will bring great commercial interests for our country.The innovation of this article is mainly reflected in the innovation of research content.The auther combines traditional customary law and existing Russian&Chinese legal provisions, to put forward the comparatively detailed practical suggestions.Therefore, this paper selects the northern sea route as study object, divided into introduction,body and conclusions of the three major components.This paper first describes the applicable law of contract,then analyzes the statutory obligations of voyage charter-party under the navigation through the northern sea route,and makes a comparison between Chinese&Russian maritime law.Moreover, the rest parts of this paper are made up of the relations between existing related conventions and Chinese&Russian maritime law. Meanwhile, the author is using the method of comparison to put forward countermeasures.

  • 【分类号】D922.294;D951.2
  • 【下载频次】56
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