【作者】 王萍；

【导师】 韦清琦；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 薇拉·凯瑟是美国文学史上一位举足轻重且独树一帜的女性作家,一生笔耕不辍,著作等身,被誉为20世纪美国最杰出的小说家之一。《我的安东尼娅》是其最重要的代表作之一。面对工业社会的异化,薇拉·凯瑟以熟悉的草原为背景,从女性的视角出发,关注人的生存和精神状态。通过展现人类与自然的日益疏离对立导致的生命力干涸,性别、阶级等压迫日益加剧导致的社会关系失衡,呼吁人类回归自然、回归自我,重建人与自然万物、人与人以及男性与女性之间平等博爱、和谐统一的“诗意的栖居”之理想境界。在这部小说中,薇拉·凯瑟将女性在男权社会的生存处境与自然在以人类为中心的现状中受压迫的状态并置,从而体现了其生态女性主义意识。从生态女性主义角度思考,凯瑟塑造的三个主要人物在不同层面上代表了她对于自然、人类、性别关系的反思：莉娜,“新女性”的代表,抗争传统女性的命运,但却消极的切断了女性与自然、男性的联系,从而失去了构建和谐的可能性,由此生物决定论对于生态女性主义的误解,即女性与自然并不是天然的联盟显而易见；吉姆,小说叙述者,以其独特的男性视角观察并反思男性与自然、女性的关系,从最初父权制思想根深蒂固到最终心归自然,代表了凯瑟对男性回归自然、重建与女性和谐关系的希冀；安东尼娅,小说灵魂人物,是小说中真正践行并实现了与自然、男性和谐相处的女性拓荒者,代表了凯瑟对女性与自然和男性关系的思考。本论文将通过文本细读分析和解构人类中心主义和男性中心主义中的二元对立,指出其压迫形式间的同构性。消除对立和疏离,号召人类回归自然怀抱,构建诗意栖居的和谐家园正是本论文的意义所在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Willa Cather is an important writer in American literature history with her own specialty. Prolific and indulgent, she is reputed as one of the most outstanding American novelists in the twentieth century. My Antonia in particular is considered to be one of her masterpieces. Setting the familiar Nebraska prairie as the background, My Antonia shows her special concerns about the living and spiritual conditions of mankind in the face of social alienation. By showing loss of vitality resulting from the increasingly alienated and confronted relation between mankind and nature, as well as the imbalance of social relationship resulting from gender, class and other dominations, Cather appeals for human’s returning to nature and themselves; attempts to rebuild an harmonious and united ideal world that mankind and nature, man and woman can equally and "poetically" dwell together.In My Antonia, Willa Cather parallels the living condition of women in the patriarchal society with the oppressed state of nature in the anthropocentric society, which embodies her ecofeminist awareness. From the ecofeminist perspective, the three main characters in this novel represent her reflections on the relation of mankind, nature and gender at different levels. Lena, a representative of the "New Women," fights against the traditional role of women but ends up with losing her connection with nature and male as well as potential of rebuilding harmony with them. Biological determinism’s misunderstanding for ecofeminism that assumes women naturally enjoy a closer relationship with nature can easily be found. Jim, the narrator of this novel, observing and reflecting on the relation of man and nature, men and women from male perspective, finally abandons the patriarchal ideology once branded in his male mind and finds back his spiritual home. Cather’s hope for men to live in harmony with both nature and women is shown through Jim’s experience. Antonia, the heart and soul of this novel, and also the woman pioneer who really lives the ideal life of poetically dwelling, shows Cather’s reflections on women’s relations with nature and men.This thesis manifests the same logic of various dominations by analyzing and deconstructing dualisms in anthropocentrism and androcentrism. That eliminates confrontations and alienation and appeals for human’s returning to the nature, in order to build a harmonious and "poetically" dwelling world, is where significance of this thesis lies.更多还原