【作者】 张杰；

【导师】 赵连文；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 马克思的“真正共同体”思想既是马克思共同体思想的重要组成部分,又是马克思主义理论体系中不容忽视的重要内容。通过阅读马克思的相关著作,我们发现马克思对“共同体”的探讨是融合于其他思想(尤其是唯物史观)之中的,马克思对他视域中的“共同体”概念没有明确的表述,所以要想形成对马克思“共同体”的认识,我们只能通过对相关理论的梳理分析进行抽象总结。马克思曾说过一切划时代的体系的内容都是时代的产物,他的共同体思想自然也不例外,马克思的共同体思想正是在资本主义大生产高速发展、资本主义矛盾愈加凸显这一时期萌芽发展形成的。每一个时代的思想家的思想都需要一定的理论基础,对以往的思想家思想的历史继承是不可缺少的,马克思在这方面做得更加优秀,在马克思之前就有诸多思想家的思想涉及到过“共同体”,马克思的共同体理论正是在对这些已有理论的批判吸收基础上形成的。在形成其共同体理论的过程中,马克思做了大量的理论准备,例如其哲学研究、历史学研究以及经济学研究,这些研究与马克思的共同体研究相辅相成、互相利用、互相促进,是马克思研究共同体过程中的重要推动力量。马克思视域中“共同体”的形态也是有一定的历史发展逻辑的(虽然马克思本人涉及到共同体的论述中并未按照这个顺序进行),从最早也是最基本的自然共同体,发展到后来的虚假共同体、抽象共同体,到最后的归宿和落脚点——真正共同体。马克思视域中的“真正共同体”思想是逐步形成的。首先,其真正共同体概念的形成经历了一个渐次明确的过程,这在马克思的相关著作中可以总结发现。其次,马克思真正共同体思想的形成离不开对以往各种陈旧共同体学说的批判和扬弃,首先是对蒲鲁东式社会主义的批判,其次是对“批判空想社会主义”这一阶段的空想社会主义展开了批判,最后就是对“空想共产主义”的批判,经过一系列的批判吸收,马克思的“真正共同体”思想开始逐步形成并最终得以确立。在马克思看来,其视域中的“真正共同体”的实现形式是“自由人联合体”,“自由人联合体”的形成不是简单随意的,生产力的高度发展是其必须的物质基础,私有制的消灭是其形成的社会结合基础,个体的自由发展则是“自由人联合体”的最高价值诉求。马克思的共同体理论,特别是其中的“真正共同体”思想在当代具有非常重要的理论实践意义：它深化和丰富了马克思主义理论研究,又为构建社会主义新型民主、建设社会主义和谐社会、实现共同富裕的当代建设目标提供了理论指导,对于解决全球性热点问题也有相当的意义。马克思的“真正共同体”思想正在逐渐受到越来越多的关注和研究,其本质将不断得到深化,意义将日益得到彰显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marx’s "Real Community" ideas are important components of Marx’s Community, which are at the same time significant content in the whole system of Marxist philosophy.In the process of reading Marx’s relative works, we discover that Marx’s discussion on Community merges with his other thoughts (especially the historical viewpoint of materialism). He does not clearly state the definition of Community in his sight, therefore in order to get full acquaintance with this concept we can only summarize by analyzing relevant theories. Marx once says that contents of any epoch-making system are products of time, and it is true with his Community as well. Marx’s Community geminates, develops and forms at the stage when the mass production of capitalism develops at top speed and the contradition of Capitalism becomes increasingly prominent.Ideas of thinkers of each time are based on existing history, which then are formed and developed through arduous theoretical researches and creation, and Marxism is no exception. There are thinkers whose theories involve the concept of Community before Marx, and Marx’s Community theory critically absorbs and develops them. In the process of forming his Community theory, Marx have done a lot of preparation work, such as philosophical, historical and economic researches. These researches go together with Marx’s researches on Community, complementing, reciprocating and promoting each other, making up an integral part of Marx’s study of Community. The form of Community in Marx’s sight follows the logic of historical development (although Marx’s works about Community are not arranged sequentially):from the earliest elementary Natural Community to later Illusive Community and Abstract Community and then to the final foothold, the True Community.Thoughts of the "True Community" in Marx’s sight are formed gradually. First of all, the formation of his concept of the True Community is a gradually clearing process, which can be concluded in his relevant writings. Secondly, the formation of Marx’s thoughts of the True Community is inseparable from the critique and sublation of various former theories of Community, including the criticism of Proudhonism, the criticism of Utopian Socialism at the stage of Critical-Utopian Socialism and the criticism of Utopian Communism. After a series of critical absorption, Marx’s ideas of the True Community mature slowly and are established finally. According to Marx, the realization form of the True Community in his perspective is the "combination of free men", the construction of which is not casual. The highly developed productivity is the prerequisite material foundation for its formation, the elimination of private ownership is the base of civil association, and the free development of individuals is the highest value demand of the "combination of free men".Marx’s theory of Community, in particular the ideas of the True community within, bears important theoretical and practical significance in the contemporary era:it deepens and enriches the theoretical study of Marxism theory; it provides theoretical direction for the contemporary construction target of developing the new socialist democracy, building socialist harmonious society, and realizing common prosperity; it also benefits solving issues of global concern.Marx’s Real Community ideas are getting more and more attention and going through more and more researches. Its nature will deepen ceaselessly and its significance will be highlighted increasingly.更多还原