【作者】 王旭；

【导师】 鞠宝兆；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁中医药大学 ， 中医基础理论， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:通过对鼻的结构与鼻窦部相关名词术语、鼻的生理、经络循行、脏腑所主、明堂诊、鼻的病症的研究,对鼻相关理论与临床治疗提供参考思想。方法:文献研究方法与理论研究方法相结合。结果:1.释义《内经》中鼻结构的相关名词术语16个(鼻、明堂、天牝、空、鼻空、鼻孔、鼻窍、颃颡、畜门、使道、鼻柱、頞、王宫、下极、面王、明堂骨),鼻窦部与鼻根部相关名词术语4个(数髓空在面侠鼻、额、目内眦、内眦)。2.从“嚏”、“涕”、经络循行、相关脏腑、明堂诊论述鼻的相关生理与功能3.研究《内经》中鼻的相关病症共13个(鼽、衄、鼻窒、鼻渊、鼻息肉、苛轸鼻、嚏、鼻槁腊、鼻干、鼻塞、鼻张、鼻闻焦臭、洞涕证)。结论:1.明堂在《内经》中虽然指鼻子,但是《内经》中在用明堂指代鼻子的时候也不是没有原则的使用,只有在望色察面用于诊断的时候才用明堂来指代鼻子,“王宫”、“下极”虽然都指鼻根,但只有在明堂诊中才使用。“面王”指鼻尖也是只有在明堂诊之中才使用。可见古代的相家文化对中医面部望诊之影响。2.“数髓空在面侠鼻”指的是面部鼻周围的一些穴位,而并非指鼻窦。“苛轸鼻”为病鼻痛而鼻塞不通。3.《内经》记载经络病变的鼻病为鼻窒和鼻衄。鼻窒为气不通,衄为血病。经络为脏腑与体表在外之联络,气血运行之通道。鼻与经络的相关病变主要在于气血,这与经络运行气血的生理特性有关。4.鼻病以脾湿为主者可宗“脾苦湿,急食苦以燥之”治疗;多涕非鼻渊者可宗“湿淫于内,治以苦热,佐以酸淡,以苦燥之,以淡泄之”治疗。关于火热之邪致鼽,其病因病机在《素问·至真要大论》中有论述,同时也提出了治疗原则,“少阴之复”与“少阴司天,客胜”之火热邪致鼽,治疗火热之鼻鼽首选咸寒药物为君药,以苦辛佐制咸寒太过,甘缓以泻热之急,酸收热之发散。《素问·阴阳应象大论》:“六经为川,肠胃为海,九窍为水注之气。”可指导现代中医鼻科所指鼻槁的治疗。鼻腔宽大,鼻甲萎缩的萎缩性鼻炎的干燥症状可以治之以益气养阴,活血通络。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purpose: Based on the "Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon "nose structure and nasal sinus related terminology, nasal physiology, meridians circulation, internal organs of the body of the Lord, Mingtang(明堂) diagnosis, symptoms of nasal and nasal related theory and clinical treatment to provide reference theory.Method:literature study and theoretical studyResults:1. Summary of 16 nose structure related terminology, 4 nasal sinus and nasal root related terminology in " Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon ".2. From the "sneeze", " snot ", circulation, relevant organs, main and collateral channels on the diagnosis of nasal Mingtang related physiological function.3. Summary of 13 related disorders nose for a total in " Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon ".Conclusion:1.The word “Mingtang” in “Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon” although refers to the nose. But “ Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon” in Mingtang refers to the use of time nose is not without principles. It’s only sight color observation surface for only using Mingtang to refer to nose when diagnosis, “Wanggong(王宫)”, “Xiaji(下极)” refers to the root of the nose, but only in the clinic to use hall. The word “Mianwang(面王)” refers to the tip of the nose is only in the Mingtang diagnosis. Phase home culture of ancient have influence on traditional Chinese medicine face inspection.2. “The number of holes in surface man nose” refers to the number of points around the nose, does not mean sinus. “Ke Zhen nose”(苛轸鼻)as a disease of nasal pain and stuffy nose explain.3.The "Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon" meridian records lesions of the stuffy nose and nose for epistaxis. Nasal stuffiness for gas barrier, nosebleed to blood disease. Meridian viscera and body surface in the outer contact channel, the circulation of Qi and blood. Nasal meridians and related lesions mainly in blood, and the blood of the physiological characteristics of the meridian running.4. Rhinopathy wet spleen mainly treatment as" The spleen suffer from Dampness which can be relieved by bitter falvor"; nasal sinusitis can be treatment as" If Dampness is excessive in the internal and causes disease,(drugs) bitter(in taste) and Heat(in property can be used) to treat(it as the principal drugs),(drugs) sour and bland(in taste can be used as) adjuvants,(drug) bitter(in taste can be used) to drug(Dampness) and(drugs) bland(in property can be used) to reduce(Dampness)". About allergic rhinitis caused by pathogenic heat and fire, its etiology and pathogenesis in the Su Wen- Discussion on the most important and abstruse theory. "have discussed, and puts forward the principle of treatment," The retaliation of Shaoyin "and" the nether world, the guest "fiery athogenic factors of allergic rhinitis, fiery treatment allergic rhinitis preferred salty cold drugs as monarch drug, with bitter and pungent seasoning salty cold too, Gan slow to purging heat, acid collecting heat divergence. "Su Wen-Major discussion on the theory of Yin and Yang and the corresponding relationships among all the things in nature": "The Six-Channels act as mountains and valleys,the intestines and the stomach act as the seas,the nine orifices are the regions where Shuiqi(Water-Qi) infuses." Can guide the modern Chinese medicine refers to the treatment of atrophic rhinitis nasal. Nasal wide, turbinate atrophy dry symptoms of atrophic rhinitis can be treated by supplementing qi and nourishing Yin, promoting blood circulation.更多还原