【作者】 熊伟；

【导师】 魏森；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 法律， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 为保障刑事诉讼的顺利进行,防止犯罪嫌疑人和被告人可能实施新的犯罪行为,拘留、逮捕和羁押是刑事诉讼程序中最常见的保障手段和强制措施。在我国,对于犯罪嫌疑人和被告人的拘留、逮捕、羁押等强制措施的实施非常普遍,其目的是为了有效打击犯罪,防止犯罪分子进一步实施可能危害社会的行为,最终保障刑事诉讼程序的顺利进行。但与此同时,过度使用强制措施,又会对犯罪嫌疑人和被告人的合法权利造成一定程度的损害,因此在刑事诉讼实践中,羁押存在较多的问题,理论上争议多,实践中改革难度大。2012年我国刑事诉讼法进行了较大幅度的修改和完善,并明确规定犯罪嫌疑人和被告人被逮捕后,检察机关仍应当对羁押的必要性进行审查,同时相应的也规定了公安机关和人民法院的工作职责。捕后羁押必要性审查机制的建立,强化了检察机关对逮捕措施和未决羁押的法律监督,体现了人权保障的价值追求,是权力制约的具体体现,反映了出于社会效益的综合考量。然而,在司法实践中,由于我国刑事司法政策所追求的价值目标长期以来一直是以打击犯罪、维护社会稳定为主题,导致我国的捕后羁押制度存在诸多问题,突出表现在：逮捕就意味着羁押,捕后羁押时间长,没有完善的羁押必要性审查机制,也没有规定羁押的最长时限,对羁押决定当事人不能参与,无权发表意见,无从寻求权利救济,羁押后较少变更强制措施等,导致出现捕后羁押率居高不下,超期羁押,甚至更为严重的刑讯逼供现象。从制度上分析其原因,主要在于我国捕押合一的制度缺乏灵活性,羁押必要性审查的实施程序过于原则和简单,相关替代性措施不够完善,以及审查过程中缺乏律师的介入。虽然,捕后羁押必要性审查机制在具体运行过程中还存在诸多问题,但毕竟在立法上迈出了具有重要意义的一步,体现了我国尊重和保障人权的法治思想。随着新《刑事诉讼法》和《刑事诉讼规则》的实施,捕后羁押必要性审查机制必将落到实处,在保障被羁押人权利方面也将更加趋于完善。针对我国捕后羁押必要性制度存在的多方面问题,应当及时完善捕后羁押必要性审查运行机制,通过强化制度建设以实现人权保障的价值目标；通过完善相关替代性措施以做好制度衔接；通过引导律师积极参与以提高审查的公开性和透明度；通过建设相关配套措施以增强审查的实效性。与此同时,检察机关作为捕后羁押必要性审查机制的主体,应当高度重视,在制度落实中注重相关替代措施的衔接,促进羁押必要性审查机制在实践中的可操作性,以期切实减少逮捕后对犯罪嫌疑人的羁押,通过提高羁押质量,实现尊重和保障人权的终极目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to ensure the smooth operation of the criminal proceedings, and prevent new possible criminal acts of the criminal suspects and the accused, detention, arrest and custody is the most common security measure and enforcement measures in criminal procedure. In our country, the implementation of the measures for the criminal suspects and defendants in detention, arrest, custody and other compulsory measures are very common, the purpose of which is to combat crime effectively, to prevent the behavior of harming the social by the criminals and ultimately to ensure the smooth operation of the criminal procedure. But at the same time, the excessive use of coercive measures can cause a certain degree of damage to the legal rights of the criminal suspects and the defendants, so in practice of criminal proceedings, custody exist many problems and some controversy in theoretical, and reform is difficult in practice.In 2012, China’s criminal procedure law has been revised and improved substantially, and explicitly stipulated the procuratorial organs should review the necessity of custody after the criminal suspects and defendants were arrested, and at the same time stipulated the responsibilities of the public security organs and people’s courts. The establishment of the review mechanism of the necessity of detains behind arrest, strengthens the legal supervision of the procuratorial organs to the measures of arrest and custody, and reflects the value pursuit of human rights protection. It is a concrete manifestation of the power restriction, reflects the comprehensive consideration for the social benefits.However, in practice of judicial, because the criminal justice policy in China has long pursued goal is to combat crime and maintain social stability as the theme, led to the detains behind arrest system in China has many problems. Its outstanding performance in:arrest means custody, the time of detains behind arrest is too long, there is no perfect review mechanism of custody necessity, there is no provision for the duration of custody, the parties cannot participate in the decision of custody, have no right to comment, to seek relief, and fewer changes after the custody and other compulsory measures, resulting in a high rate of detains behind arrest, and extended detention, and even more serious phenomenon of extorting a confession by torture. Analysis of its causes from the institutional, mainly lies in the unity of arrest and custody system in our country lacks the flexibility and the implementation of procedures to the review mechanism of custody necessity is too principle and simple, and alternative measures are not perfect, and the lack of lawyers involved in the review process.Although the review mechanism of detains behind arrest necessity are still many problems in the specific operation process, in the legislation has taken a significant step, reflects our rule of the law of the respect and safeguard human rights. With the implementation of the new "Criminal Procedure Law" and "Criminal Procedure Rules", the review mechanism of detains behind arrest necessity will be implement, and in the protection of the rights of detainees will be more perfect. Aiming at the existing problems of China’s system of necessity of detains behind arrest, should promptly improve necessity of detains behind arrest review of the operating mechanism. By strengthening system construction to achieve the value goal of the protection of human rights; through improving alternative measures to do a good job of system connection; by guiding lawyer to participate actively in order to improve the openness and transparency of the review, through constructing the relevant supporting measures to enhance the effectiveness of the review; Meanwhile, procuratorial organs as the main body of necessity of detains behind arrest review mechanisms, should attach great importance of focus on the cohesion of alternative measures in the system implementation, promoting the operability of the necessity of detains behind arrest review mechanisms in practice, effectively reducing the custody of the criminal suspects after was arrested, by improving the quality of custody to achieve the ultimate goal of respect and safeguard human rights.更多还原