【作者】 王倩；

【导师】 刘秀玉；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 威廉·戈尔丁是20世纪英国著名小说家,他的小说富含寓意,广泛地融入了古典文学、神话、基督教文化以及象征主义。戈尔丁在欧洲地区被称为“寓言编撰家”,他运用现实主义的叙述方法编写寓言和神话,承袭西方伦理学的传统,着力表现“人心的黑暗”这一主题,表现出对人类未来的关切。戈尔丁的小说具有清晰的现实主义叙述艺术以及神话的多样性与普遍性,阐述了当今世界人类的状况。1983年,戈尔丁获得了诺贝尔文学奖。《黑暗昭昭》出版于1979年,它曾获英国历史悠久、颇具声望的文学图书奖詹姆斯·泰特·布莱克纪念奖。它讲述了一个关于善与恶、光明与黑暗斗争的故事。男主人公麦蒂代表着善,他内心正直,在无意犯下错误之后,努力寻找救赎道路。女主人公苏菲代表着恶,她内心黑暗,最终走上了一条邪恶的不归路。故事的最后,麦蒂代表的善战胜了苏菲代表的恶。作品展示了人性的“黑暗”不仅存在于人的心灵内部,而且存在于外部的世界。作为一部出色的象征主义小说,作品充满了各种象征,并对后世文学产生了深远的影响。《黑暗昭昭》是一部非常具有研究价值的作品,评论空间很大。研究者可以从多角度进行研究,如创作思想、创作艺术、比较研究、文学理论等方面。本论文选取了从象征主义的视角对《黑暗昭昭》进行解读,运用象征主义的相关理论和创作手法来分析研究作品中的各种象征。概述了象征主义与作品的内在关联,依次分析了人物象征、意象象征和环境象征在作品中的具体运用和特征,以及更进一步谈到了象征主义对作品以及后世文学创作的作用和影响。本论文由三部分组成:导论、正文和结论。主要内容如下:第一部分是导论。导论主要简要介绍了威廉·戈尔丁和他所取得的成就,以及《黑暗昭昭》的创作背景和主要内容;分析国内外对《黑暗昭昭》的研究现状,指出从象征主义角度解读该作品的可能性;同时阐述了本论文的选题目的、意义、创新点以及仍有的研究空间等。首先,在广度上,涵盖的象征范围较广,不仅包括主要人物象征以及反复出现的意象象征,还包括非常重要的环境象征;其次,在意义上,不仅将各种象征与《圣经》故事进行联系,还使之与宗教神话、文化背景、社会状况等进行联系,使得象征的意义更加具有丰富性和现实性;再次,在结构上,本论文从整体上把握了各种象征,对它们进行系统宏观的梳理,使得这些象征形成有机整体,从而帮助读者更好地理解整个作品中的象征。第二部分是论文的主体,包括三章。第一章主要涉及两个方面,首先简要介绍了象征主义的概念、代表人物、主要特征、影响领域、以及未来的发展趋势等,并针对戈尔丁在象征主义方面所取得的成就,结合他的人生经历,分析其象征主义写作思想和风格。其次,简要说明文学作品和象征主义的联系,并结合《黑暗昭昭》这部小说,探讨其与象征主义的内在关联,如作品的主题思想、叙事模式和语言风格等方面。第二章主要涉及作品中的象征主义体现,以及象征主义手法在作品中的具体运用和特征。作品中的象征主要包括人物象征、意象象征和环境象征三个方面,作者充分运用了象征主义手法来塑造这些象征。人物象征涉及作品的主要人物,如麦蒂和苏菲;意象象征涉及作品中反复出现的重要事物和主人公的私人物品,如火和日记;环境象征则涉及作品中出现的重要场所和场景,如城镇和不真实的幻境。第三章关注作品中的象征主义意蕴,探讨象征主义在作品中的作用和影响,以及此种方法对后世文学创作的影响。其主要表现在三个方面,如象征主义具有神秘主义色彩,作品能带给人多种感官享受;象征主义关注人物的内心活动,作品展现了精神世界的最高真实;象征主义以象征为主要手段,象征的意义丰富且有深度,使得作品主题可以从不同角度进行不同解读。第三部分是结论。结论分析总结了象征主义对作品的重大意义,以及戈尔丁在象征主义方面取得的巨大成就,并通过象征主义在作品中的应用,对整个作品中的象征进行梳理和总结,形成统一整体。这使得广大读者对作品的象征,不但有更加清晰的认识,而且有更加全面的了解。《黑暗昭昭》讲述了一个关于善与恶、光明与黑暗的故事,内容富有哲理,表达了作者对人类社会的严肃思考和深切关注。作品通过象征主义理论及写作手法,展现了一幅幅黑暗的社会画面,揭示了人性的缺陷。它内涵丰富,意义深刻,具有独特的艺术价值和魅力,对西方乃至整个世界的小说发展发挥了重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 William Golding is a great novelist in Britain in the 20 th century. His novels are full of connotations, widely blended with classical literature, mythology, Christian culture and symbolism. Golding was called “the Fable Compiler” in Europe. He used the narrative methods of realism to compose fables and mythology, and followed the traditions of Western ethics to mainly express the theme of inner darkness. He showed his great concern about the future of humankind. His novels are with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and university of myth, illuminating the human condition in the world of today. In 1983, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.Darkness Visible was published in 1979. It won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize,which is a time-honored and prestigious literary book award in Britain. It tells a story about the fight between the good and the evil, the bright and the dark. The male protagonist Matty represented good. His mind was upright. After making a mistake unintentionally, he tried to seek a way for redemption. The female protagonist Sophy represented evil. Her heart was dark, and eventually she went on an evil path where there was no turning back. At the end of the story, the good Matty represented defeated the evil Sophy represented. The work shows that the darkness of human nature is not only in the inside of human mind, but also in the outside world. As an outstanding symbolic novel, the work is full of various symbols, and also has a deep and lasting influence on the later literature. Darkness Visible has important research value and a lot of room for comment. Researchers can interpret it from different angles, such as composing thoughts, the art of writing, comparative studies and literary theories. The thesis chooses the perspective of symbolism to interpret the work. It uses the related theories and writing techniques to analyze and study the symbols in the work. The internal relations between symbolism and the work are summarized. And the concrete application and features of symbolic characters, symbolic images and symbolic environments are also analyzed sequentially. Furthermore, the functions and influences of symbolism towards both the work and later literary creation are discussed.The thesis consists of three parts: introduction, body and conclusion. The main contents are as follows:The first part is introduction. This part mainly concerns a brief description of William Golding and his achievements. The background of creating this work and the main contents are also introduced. It involves the research status of the work at home and abroad, pointing out the possibility of interpreting the work from a symbolic perspective. Moreover, it explains the purpose, significance and innovation of the thesis, and the remaining research capabilities. First of all, as to the width, the thesis covers a wide range of symbols, not only including the symbols of main characters and repeated images, but also including very important symbols of environments. Second, as to the significance, the thesis connects the various symbols with the stories of the Bible, religion, mythology, cultural background, social situation and others. In this way, the meanings of the symbols become more abundant and realistic. Third, as to the structure, the thesis considers all the symbols as a whole. It sorts them out in a systematic and macro way, which makes the symbols into an organic whole. Thus the readers could better understand the symbols in the work.The second part is the main body of the thesis, which consists of three chapters. The first chapter involves two aspects: in the first place, it briefly introduces the concepts, representatives, main characteristics, affected fields, and the future development trend of symbolism. Then it pays close attention to Golding’s achievements in symbolism, and focuses on the ideas and styles of his symbolic writing by taking his life experiences into consideration; in the next place, it concisely explains the relationship between literary works and symbolism. Concerning the novel Darkness Visible, it illustrates the internal relations between the novel and symbolism in many respects, such as the theme, narrative mode, and language style.The second chapter concerns the embodiment of symbolism in the work and the concrete application and features of symbolism. The symbols in the work include three aspects, that is, the symbolic characters, the symbolic images and the symbolic environments. To create these symbols, the writer made full use of symbolism. The symbolic characters concern the major figures like Matty and Sophy; the symbolic images concern the important things repeated throughout the text and the protagonists’ personal belongings. The images concerned include fire and journal. The symbolic environments concern the important places and scenes appearing in the text, for instance, the town and some unreal fantasies.The third chapter focuses on the connotations of symbolism. It involves the functions and influences of symbolism in the work, as well as the effects of symbolism on the later literary creation. These are shown in three aspects: first, symbolism has the feature of mysticism, which makes symbolic works bring people a lot of sensual pleasure; second, symbolism is concerned about the inner activities of characters, so the works reveal the highest truth of the spiritual world; third, symbolism uses symbols as its primary means. As the meanings of the symbols are rich and deep, the works could be of different interpretations from different angles.The third part is the ending part of the thesis. Aiming at the great significance of symbolism towards the work and Golding’s tremendous achievements in symbolism, this part explores them and makes a summary. It also sorts out and summarizes the symbols in the entire work, making them into a whole. Thus for general readers, they could have a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the symbols. Darkness Visible tells a story about the good and the evil, the bright and the dark. Through the philosophical contents, the writer expressed his serious thoughts and deep concern about the human society. The work is filled with symbolic theories and writing techniques. It presents a dark picture of the society and reveals the defects of human nature. With rich connotations and deep meanings, the novel has unique artistic value and charm, playing an important role in the development of the fiction in the West and even the whole world.更多还原