【作者】 沙日娜；

【导师】 毅灵；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 音乐学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 漫瀚调是起源于内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原东南部的一种民间歌种,据史料记载,准格尔旗是它的发祥地,是清代山西河曲、府谷县为首的汉族农民走西口到内蒙古准格尔旗一带谋生而发展出来的民间歌种。据传从秦汉时期开始,汉族移民到内蒙古一带垦荒谋生,到16世纪中叶逐渐增多,明末清初这种移民现象更加如火如茶地发展起来。由于清朝实施“借地养民”政策,大量晋陕汉族贫民涌入准格尔旗境内开垦农田,养家糊口,维持生计。在政治上内蒙古逐渐形成蒙汉俩族共同管理,在经济上形成了农耕与牧业并存的局面。蒙汉杂居的局面逐渐形成,从而促使了当地的政治、经济、文化的繁荣和发展。这一政策带来的不仅是生活文化的碰撞,更使蒙汉两族的音乐的擦出了火花——漫瀚调。它就是上述地区移民们带来的汉族音乐文化与内蒙古鄂尔多斯音乐文化融合而产生的一种民歌。它的曲调时而婉转悠扬,时而高亢有力,你问我答,男女对唱的演唱形式更是深受西部地区人们的喜爱,因即兴填词、独特的演唱风格及规范的伴奏形式,使得漫瀚调具有极高的艺术价值并且广泛流传在内蒙古各地。漫瀚调民歌以鄂尔多斯短调为基础,加入了晋、陕、冀等汉族民歌的歌词韵律,它的唱腔结合了晋、陕、冀等地区的“山曲儿”、“信天游”等的演唱特点。近年来,从历史、社会、人文以及音乐形态等角度对漫瀚调民歌的研究较广泛和深入。然而,对于漫瀚调独特的演唱艺术特色,目前挖掘成果尚有不足。本文在绪论部分,对漫瀚调的名称做了界定,陈述了本人研究漫瀚调的意义和目的;同时对漫瀚调现有的文献做了归类和分析,并说明了此文的研究方向;以及列举了本文所采用的研究方法。第一章通过研究文献及现有资料,以及亲身体验,首先对漫瀚调生成的自然地理环境与社会人文环境作了详细的陈述,并且分阶段地总结了漫瀚调的历史发展轨迹。第二章运用已掌握的音乐理论知识,对漫瀚调音乐本体进行全面且细致的论述,首先对漫瀚调曲调来源、演唱形式作了说明,其次分析了它的调式、曲式、旋律、节奏,伴奏等特点,从各角度进行了详细的分析整理。第三章在前人研究的基础上,通过阅览和试听相关理论资料、音响资料,再加上自身的体验,归纳总结了漫瀚调的演唱艺术特点,从语音特点,歌词特点,最主要从漫瀚调的演唱特色方面,进行了有针对性的论述。第四章强调了漫瀚调发展中一些关键性的代表人物,以及主要分析漫瀚调传承人岳文祥的演唱风格及独特的韵味,以及在采访时,亲自学习漫瀚调的心得体会。第五章从学术研究所,青少年漫瀚调班,漫瀚调艺术节这三个角度说明了政府对保护及传播漫瀚调所采取的措施,以及漫瀚调传承中存在的问题,同时提出了创新性的意见。最后的结语对漫瀚调这一极具特色的地方性歌种,回顾了总结了每一章的重点研究状况。更多还原

【Abstract】 Erdos is a kind of folk song which originated in the southeast of Inner Mongolia Erdos plateau, according to historical records, Zhungeer Qi is the hometown of folk songs in Qing Dynasty, is a Hequ, led by Shanxi Fugu County Han farmers walk west to Inner Mongolia Zhungeer Qi area to make a living and developed. According to legend from the Qin and Han Dynasties period begins, the Han immigrants to the Inner Mongolia area reclamation to make a living, to the middle of the sixteenth Century increase gradually, the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty this migration phenomenon is more like tea development. As a result of the Qing Dynasty implemented "borrow to support the people" policy, a large number of Jin Shan Han poor into the territory of Zhungeer Qi farmland, bring home the bacon, subsistence. Politically, Inner Mongolia gradually formed the Mongolian and Chinese both in economy and common management, the formation of farming and animal husbandry coexist. Mongolian and Han mixed situation gradually formed, thus contributing to the prosperity and development of local politics, economy, culture. This policy has brought is not only the collision of life culture, so that more Chinese and Mongolian two ethnic music sparks-- manhandiao. It is the area of Han immigrants bring music culture and Inner Mongolia Erdos produced a folk music culture fusion. It tunes and sometimes melodious, sometimes sonorous powerful, you ask me answer, male and female duet singing form is favored by the people of the western region’s favorite, because the improvised lyrics, unique singing style and specification of the accompaniment form, makes the manhandiao have high art value and widely spread all over Inner Mongolia. Man Han folk songs on the basis of Erdos short tone, joined the Jin, Shanxi, Hebei Han folk song lyrics, it’s singing combination of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei area, folk song son Xintianyou singing features. In recent years, to study the manhandiao folk songs from history, society, humanities angle more. However, for the manhandiao unique artistic characteristics of performance, the present study also rarely.The first chapter of this paper through the study of literature and existing information, firstly the manhandiao generated natural ecological environment and cultural ecological environment to make certain statements, and detailed outlines the historical development track of erdos.In the second chapter, on the basis of previous studies, through reading and listening to relevant theories of information, audio information, coupled with their own experience, summed up the characteristics of the singing art of manhandiao, from voice features, features of lyrics, music features, performances, the band accompaniment, as well as the manhandiao singing skills are discussed accordingly.The third chapter emphasizes some key representative figure of the manhandiao development, and mainly discusses the manhandiao successors Yue Wenxiang singing style.The fourth chapter through the study of reflection manhandiao innovation inheritance problems.This paper tries to study the basis of the previous extensive manhandiao, trying to grab the one or two points to carry out targeted research, new ideas to expand the research of erdos.更多还原