节点文献
济南长清商品叫卖语的社会语言学分析
【作者】 赵静;
【导师】 李敏红;
【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 , 语言学及应用语言学, 2015, 硕士
【摘要】 我国经济的快速发展促使国内市场商品贸易日益繁荣。商务语言研究应运而生,最为瞩目的是自20世纪80年代以来广告语言的研究,而商品叫卖语则属于一种口头广告。自改革开放至今三十多年间,人们生活状况极大改善的同时,回荡在我们耳边的商品叫卖语却不知不觉正在减少,因此,收集现存的商品叫卖语并对其进行深入分析是非常必要的。除了收集长清现存叫卖语之外,本人还对老人进行采访访问,收集到长清地区以前出现过的部分叫卖语,将现代和以前的叫卖语比较分析,从而在语言方面折射出长清地区的发展。在收集长清商品叫卖语的过程中,本人发现很多叫卖问题,比如录音叫卖语不清晰、叫卖语单调等,这也是本文研究的一个方面,并对研究长清地区叫卖语的发展演变有一定的意义。本文在参考相关叫卖语言资料的基础上,利用田野调查法对本地区的叫卖语进行搜集,利用定量和定性分析法对长清叫卖语的语音、词汇、语法和民俗文化等方面做了相关研究,让当地人更全面了解家乡的同时,也为具体地区商品叫卖语的研究提供一定的参考资料。商品叫卖语言属于社会语言学研究领域的一部分,在与人们息息相关的商品买卖过程中,叫卖语言起着举足轻重的作用,其运用地恰当与否,直接影响整个商品买卖的成败。学术界关于商品叫卖语言的研究已有丰硕的成果,但对具体地区叫卖语言方面的研究却不是很充分。在参考叫卖语言相关文献资料的基础上,本文对长清商品叫卖语中出现的语言现象进行研究和剖析,相信这会对类似角度的语言研究提供一些参考与借鉴。本论文共收集到长清商品叫卖语的语料总共100余条。首先,在这些语料的基础上对本地区叫卖语言进行相应的分析和研究,以小见大,总结长清叫卖语言自身独有的社会语言学特点。本文拟从三个大方面对长清叫卖语进行分类,即根据叫卖内容、叫卖方式以及叫卖商品摊位性质的不同进行分类。同时利用表格对其进行数据统计,将本区叫卖语的使用情况简单明了地呈现出来。其次,根据商品叫卖语的“行话”特点——专业性强,通行范围窄,使用自己的行业词语——加之其自身独有的特点,即语言口语性极强,对长清商品叫卖语的语言本体特征进行分析。叫卖语言本质上隶属于口语语体,其特征在于简短、疏放,有较多省略,这是商贩使用其本地语言进行叫卖的决定因素,从而为叫卖语言带有地方方言特点埋下伏笔。山东方言属于官话大区(北方方言)中的冀鲁官话,但其内部各地方方言都存在不少差异,具体表现在语音、词汇、语法等各个方面,学者钱增怡和高文达将山东话分为两大区四小区,即西区、东区以及西齐区、西鲁区、东潍区、东莱区,济南长清区方言隶属于西齐区。本文结合语料从语音、词汇、句型和修辞等方面对长清商品叫卖语的语言特色进行相应的分析。第三,探讨分析长清商品叫卖语言中所体现出来的当地民俗文化,透过商贩的叫卖语言这面镜子看长清的社会民俗文化。商品叫卖语言和我们的生活密切相关,它涉及到衣、食、住、行以及祭祀等各个方面,可谓是一部民俗文化的交响乐。在本文收集到的一百余条叫卖语中,卖出类中的食品类叫卖语占60%,服装类占16%,,收购类叫卖语占12%,其他类叫卖语占9%。因此,食品类商品叫卖语言折射出的长清本地民俗文化最丰富,由于服装类叫卖语言多数属于现代化反复播放的媒体语言,对本地民俗文化的折射不明显,所以,本章主要介绍食品类和收购类中典型的叫卖语言所反映出的本地民俗文化。第四,商品叫卖行为是伴随着私有制经济的产生和商品交换活动的开始而产生的。社会在进步,时代在变化,商品叫卖语言也会随之发生改变,在其发展演变过程中,唯一不变的是每一个时代的叫卖语都反映当时的生活习惯和状况。由于过去经济水平低,人们生活条件差,加之交通闭塞,交通工具匮乏,商贩只能在附近直着嗓子吆喝进行买卖。随着我们生活条件不断提高,各方面需求也越来越多,从事各种行业的商贩便应运而生,叫卖语言更是灵活多样、丰富多彩。长清商品叫卖语言是整个叫卖语言的一小部分,叫卖语言的整体变化和发展也反映在长清叫卖语言中,包括叫卖商品的变化、叫卖语言的变化以及叫卖手段的变化等方面;叫卖语言变化发展的动因也同样影响长清地区商贩的叫卖语言。本章结合所收集到的长清本地叫卖语言语料,针对其变化发展的方面进行分析,并探讨其发展演变的相关动因。对长清商品叫卖语言的分析和研究进一步证明了语言和社会的关系,二者密不可分,相互影响、相互促进;同时,我们需用辩证的眼光看待语言的变化,顺应社会发展和人们的需求。
【Abstract】 The rapid development of economy to promote domestic market booming trade in goods.The study of business language arises at the historic moment, the most impressive is the advertising language study since the 1980 s, and the language of commodity sale belongs to a kind of oral advertising.Since reform and opening up 30 years, our living conditions improved greatly at the same time,the language of commodity sale was more and more less, therefore, collecting and analyzing the existing commodity sale language is very necessary. In addition to collecting existing commodity sale language of Changqing, I also visited the old man for collecting commodity sale language of appearing before, reflecting the development of Changqing from comparative analysis.In the process of collecting commodity sale language of Changqing, I found a lot of problems, such as recording is not clear, language is drab and so on,the study of these problems has a certain significance to probe evolution of language.Reference information about commodity sale language is presented in this paper, on the basis of fieldwork, using quantitative and qualitative analysis to research pronunciation, vocabulary,grammar, and folk culture of commodity sale language.It is not only let the local people understand our hometown but also provide certain reference to study the commodity sale language of specific areas.Commodity sale language belongs to the field of sociolinguistics, in the commodity business process, which is closely linked with the people,commodity sale language plays a pivotal role and affect the commodity business.Academic research on commodity sale language has been fruitful,but the study of specific areas is not sufficient.On the basis of reference about commodity sale language literature, this article analyzes the phenomenon of commodity sale language in Changqing.I believe that it will provides some references and draw lessons for similar angles of language study.Firstly, this article classify the language of peddling goods according to the form, content and stalls selling for summarizing preliminarily the basic characteristics of commodity sale language;Secondly, the nature features of the commodity sale language were analyzed in four aspects: pronunciation, vocabulary, sentence structure and rhetorical features;Thirdly, the paper combined commodity sale language with the local folk culture to spy out the local traditional,simple lifestyle and living conditions;Finally, we can understand the process of regional economic development of Changqing and the change of people’s living conditions by discussing the evolution of commodity sale language.The analysis of commodity sale language is further evidence that the relationship between language and society.They are inseparable,influence and promote each other.At the same time, we should look at the change of language from a dialectic view, adapt to social development and people’s needs.
【Key words】 Changqing; commodity sale language; language feature; folk culture; development;