【作者】 黄燕玲；

【导师】 王美萍；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 玛格丽特·阿特伍德享有“加拿大文学女王”之美誉,《荒野指南》被认为是其最成功的短篇小说集。评论家们多从生态主义、女性主义、叙事学等角度对这部小说集进行研究,亦有学者运用弗洛伊德的“意识与无意识”理论对它进行解读。本文试图运用拉康的镜像理论、三界理论(现实界,想象界和象征界)研究其中四篇主题相关的小说：《泥潭人》、《黑暗中的伊西斯》、《死于风景之畔》和《毛球》,从个人、女性、民族三个维度探讨其中体现的身份危机与自我重构问题。本文主要分为五个章节,第一章引言概括了阿特伍德的生平及前人对《荒野指南》的研究成果,并介绍了拉康的镜像理论和三界理论。第二部分在个人层面上对三位主人公的寻找自我之旅进行了探讨：朱莉爱慕并崇拜自己的已婚教授,渴望通过认同他来建构理想自我,但这段关系受到外界的鄙夷与否定,朱莉最终认同了社会主流观念,并建立“社会化的自我”；路易斯把朋友露西当做“完美自我”,随着露西死于风景之畔,路易斯也失去了一部分的自我,因此她通过收集风景画来寻回露西,寻回失去的那部分自我,并渴望建立“完整的自我”；赛琳娜象征着理查德的“理想自我”和文学梦,因此随着赛琳娜对文学的放弃和死去,理查德感觉自己失去了希望和自我,由此他通过文学书写赛琳娜,予她重生,并实现自我的重构。第三部分在女性层面上分析了小说中女性在两性关系、工作、家庭中面临的身份危机,并将其原因指向女性生活中“看不见的镜子”——他者的凝视,他人的评价与期许为女性建构起了虚拟的镜像世界,女性在此世界中迷失了自我；要建构理想自我,女性必须勇于打破镜像,并从男性视野中解脱自己,以此实现自我的重构。第四部分在民族层面上探讨了加拿大的身份建构问题,并从加拿大的历史定位、强邻美国的影响及本国民族文学的建立三个方面展开分析,认为加拿大的历史定位应摆脱对英殖民地身份的眷恋,并理智对待强邻美国的影响。同时,加拿大民族文学的建立应避免对英美文学的跟随与模仿,需挖掘和创作本土神话,建立加拿大自己的精神文化家园。第五部分是本文的总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 Margaret Atwood is lauded as "the queen of Canadian Literature", and Wilderness Tips is widely treated as her most successful collection of short stories. Many scholars study this collection from the perspective of feminism, ecologism and narratology since its publication. In addition, some critics study it with Freud’s conscious and unconscious theory. However, few scholars have ever resorted to Lacanian theory when study this collection. This thesis aims to fill this research gap by using Lacan’s Mirror Stage and Three Orders theories to analyze the identity crisis and self-reconstruction reflected in this collection. Among that, "The Bog Man", "Isis in Darkness", "Death by Nature", and "Hairball", the four topic pertinent stories in it, are the main research focus of this thesis. The related analysis and study will develop through three levels, namely, individual, women and nation.This thesis is mainly divided into five parts. The first part is about Atwood’s life experience, Wilderness Tips’literature review, and Lacan’s Mirror Stage and Three Orders theories. The second part discusses the three main characters’ self-searching journey on individual level. Julie loves and admires her married professor, desiring to identify with him to construct an ideal self, but this illegal relationship receives opposition from the outside world. Finally, Julie accepts the social mainstream concept and establishes a "social self in Symbolic Order. Lois considers Lucy as her perfect self, so when Lucy dies by landscape, Lois loses a part of herself accordingly. Hence, she collects landscape pictures to recover Lucy, retrieves the part she loses and builds an integrated self in Real Order. Selena symbolizes Richard’s ideal self and literary dream. As Selena gives up her literary works and dies later, Richard feels he loses hope and self. So he decides to rewrite Selena, brings her rebirth and realizes his self-reconstruction. The third part analyzes women’s identity crisis in gender relationship, work, and family. As for the reason of it, Atwood points to the "invisible mirror" in women’s life-other’s gazes. She considers that other’s evaluations and expectations build a virtual mirror world for women, which leads to women’s lost of themselves. To construct an ideal self, women should transcend the mirror images, release themselves from the perspective of men and realize self-reconstruction. The four part discusses Canadian identity on national level, mainly about Canada’s relationship with Britain and America as well as its national literature’s construction. Atwood points out that Canada’s historical localization should break away from its former British colony identity, and hold a rational attitude towards America’s influence as well. Meanwhile, Canada’s national literature should get rid of the following and imitation of British and American literature. It’s necessary to discover and create Canadian local mythology, and further establish Canada’s own cultural spiritual homeland. The five part is the conclusion which summarizes the views of this thesis.更多还原