【作者】 陈晓；

【导师】 杨鲁慧；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 公共管理（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【副题名】以德州市为例

【摘要】 教育,是一个人成长的阶梯,是一个国家强盛的基石,是一个民族最根本的事业。进入21世纪,随着科技的飞速发展,人才已经成为国家博弈的核心竞争力。而教育则是人才培养的摇篮,重要性不容质疑。但是,在今天的中国,教育,却成了一个大问题,在城市,择校热、大班额,无数的家长在学校门口大排长龙就为了一个名校入学名额；在农村,辍学热、教学差,不少的孩子义务教育后开始外出打工。导致这一现象的原因很多,但关键的一点就是城乡师资的严重不均衡,城市有最少的学校却集中了最优秀的教师,农村有大量的适龄儿童却没有足够的师资。这种不均衡,造成城乡教学质量差距巨大,影响了整体教育质量和国民素质的提升。同时又吸引大量农村学生涌入城市,一定程度造成了城市择校热问题。本文正是针对这一现象,运用公共管理相关知识,采取文献分析、调研统计、对比等方法,对德州市城乡师资分布情况进行横向对比,深入剖析政府在城乡师资配置方面存在的问题、深层的原因,探讨阻碍城乡师资配置的各类因素,以城乡师资配置为切入点,以区域动态均衡为目标,以国家、地方两个层面政策为对策框架,以师范教育“造血”、城乡师资市级统筹、“逆向”流动、网络教育为探索方向,试图解决城乡师资分配不均衡这一问题。本文除第一部分导论外,主要分为五个部分。第一部分,师资均衡配置相关理论概述。对师资均衡配置相关概念及涉及到的理论进行概述。第二部分,我国城乡师资配置政策的发展演变历程。梳理了改革开放以来我国教师政策的演变。第三部分,德州市城乡师资配置的现状,并对其存在的问题进行剖析,深入探讨其中的政策体制原因。第四部分,国外发达国家在师资均衡配置方面的有利探索。第五部分,在以上研究的基础上,提出了解决城乡师资均衡配置问题的对策建议,构建了由国家政策、地方操作两个层面的政策框架。在国家层面改革师范教育、提升教师素质、出台财政补贴、引导就业方向,一方面增加教师数量、质量,另一方面提高农村教师的吸引力。在地方层面强调师资的市级统筹,探索城乡教师“逆向”交流、网络教学等新方式,实现区域内的教师资源均衡配置。更多还原

【Abstract】 Education is the step for the individual’s growth, the stone for the country’s prosperity and the basic project for the nation’s development.Entering 21st century, talents have become the core competitiveness of the national strength with the rapid development of technology. Meanwhile, education is the cradle of the talents, and it is of great importance. But today, education has become a serious problem for China and a headache for Chinese parents. They queue in front of the schools just for a study place for their children. In the rural areas, students drop out and teachers don’t teach well. Many children find odd jobs after they finish the compulsory education. There are many reasons for the above; but the key reason is the unbalanced allocation of urban and rural teacher resources. The urban areas have less school with best teachers, but the rural schools have more students with deficient teachers. The imbalances lead to the widening gap of teaching quality between rural and urban areas, which are also the main obstacles in the improvement of national education quality and people’s moral level. At the same time, lots of rural students are going to study in urban schools, to some extent, which causes the Urban School Choice Heat.As for the phenomenon, the thesis is to make a parallel comparison on the allocation of urban and rural teacher in Dezhou city, analyze the reasons for which government doesn’t arrange the teacher resources well and discuss the items that block the allocation of teaching resources, by ways of references analysis, research statistics, and comparison. Based on the allocation of urban and rural teacher resources, aiming at balancing the regional education resources, the thesis tries to work out the imbalance of urban and rural teacher resources, giving suggestion to the national and local government.Except Chapter 1-- the Introduction Part, the thesis divides into 5 parts. Chapter 1 is about the theories on the balanced allocation of teaching resources, giving a brief introduction on the resource allocation. Chapter 2 is about the development of allocation policies of urban and rural teaching resources, listing the different teacher policies since the Reform and Opening-up. Chapter 3 is about the current situation of the resource allocation in Dezhou city, analyzing the problems and reasons in policy system. Chapter 4 is about the experience and ideas in the balanced allocation of teacher resources from developed countries. Chapter 5 is about the suggestions to resolve the imbalance allocation problems and build national and local government policy frame, based on the above research. In the national level, the efforts should be made to improve the normal college education, level up the teachers’ quality, adopt financial policies, and guiding job choices, which could increase the quantity and quality of teachers, and attract more rural teachers. On local government aspects, the efforts should be made to arrange the teacher resources, discover new education models such as the reverse direction exchange mechanism between rural and urban teachers, web teaching and so on, in order to realize the balanced allocation in regions.更多还原