【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 王煜宇；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 经济法学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 由于现有农村市场中的存量金融机构无法破解中国农村金融发展难题,政府试图通过组建新型农村金融机构这一增量探索出一条新的发展道路。相较于存量金融机构,新型农村金融机构显示出诸如目标更加专注于服务“三农”、向民间资本开放、门槛较低等“新”特点,这使它在解决农村金融问题方面意义重大。但随着新型农村金融机构大量培育,相关制度安排的缺陷也暴露出来,总体来说就是既有制度安排不能够满足新型农村金融机构对“营利性”、“支农性”、“竞争性”的要求,新型农村金融机构难以实现可持续发展。在此背景下,本文对相关制度安排进行考察,在分析既有制度存在的问题的基础上,借鉴国外金融机构的成功经验,提出具体的完善方案,期望可以为新型农村金融机构的健康可持续发展提供助力。本文除引言外主要分为五部分。第一部分主要阐述的新型农村金融机构产生的现实背景和意义。指出其产生一方面是基于金融在经济发展中的重要地位,另一方面是因为农村金融市场不发达,“系统性负投资”现象长期存在。进一步表明该类机构的产生对提高农村金融服务水平的重要性。第二部分分析了新型农村金融机构的“新型”之处以及发展现状。首先针对村镇银行、农村资金互助社、贷款公司、小额贷款公司进行了简单的介绍和比较。紧接对新型农村金融机构的“新”特点进行分析。最后根据其发展现状,指出面临的问题。第三部分对既有制度不适应新型农村金融机构发展之处进行分析。首先指出阻碍该类机构发展的主要原因是相关法律制度存在障碍,接着分析了新型农村金融机构发展的三方面制度需求,指出既有的制度供给与制度需求不符。最后具体分析新型农村金融机构制度供给存在的问题。第四部分介绍了国外典型金融机构发展模式。对美国社区银行、日本农协、孟加拉格莱珉银行的发展模式分别进行介绍,分析各自的特点,并总结可供我国新型农村金融机构借鉴的经验。第五部分就如何完善新型农村金融机构相关制度提出建议。首先,指明制度完善的总体目标。然后,明确具体措施,如要取消现行制度对新型农村金融机构的资金来源限制、经营管制,建立有效的激励制度提高新型农村金融机构的支农积极性,完善农村信用担保体系、农业保险制度等以建构新型农村金融机构与传统农村金融机构开展公平竞争的环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a result of the dilemma that the existing rural financial institutions were unable to promote Chinese rural finance, the government wanted to explore a new development path by establishing new-type rural financial institutions. Compared with traditional ones,new-type rural financial institutions show something “new”, such as more focused on countryside, agriculture and farmers, open to private capital, lower shreshold of access, which make them of great significance in solving rural financial problems. However, as new-type rural financial institutions develop rapidly, related systems also show their shortcomings. In gerneral, the existing systms can not meet the requirements of new-type rural financial institutions on "profit-seeking", "rural-supporting" and "competitiveness", which makes it hard to realize sustainable development for these institutions. Under this background, this paper analyses the relevant legal systems of new-type rural financial institutions, and with the successful experience of foreign financial institutions, the paper also puts forward some suggestions to consummate them,hoping to promote the healthy sustainability of new-type rural financial institutions.Apart from the introduction, this paper contains five parts.The first part is maily about the background and significance of the establishment of new-type rural financial institutions. With the important role of finance in economic, underdevelopment of the rural financial market and long-term existence of the "systematic negative investment" phenomenon, new-type rural financial institutions were founded and rural financial services have been greatly improved.The second part mainly analyses the characteristics and development status of new-type rural financial institutions. Firstly, briefly introduce and compare village bank, rural fund cooperative, loan company, and small-sum loan company. Then point out the “new” features by comparing new-type rural financial institutions and traditional ones. Finally, according to current situation of the new-type rural financial institutions, designate the problems they are facing.The third part analyses the existing systems which are not suitable for new-type rural financial institutions. At first, point out the fact that relavant legal systems restrain the development of new-type rural financial institutions most. Then analyse three systematic demands of type rural financial institutions and point out that the current system supply don’t fit demands. Finally, make a concrete analysis of the problems of current system supply.The fourth part introduces the development patterns of typical foreign financial institutions. American Community Bank, Japan Agricultural Co-operatives, Grameen Bank in Bangladesh are introduced, and with analysis of their characteristics, some experience are concluded to promote Chinese new-type rural financial institutions.The fifth part puts forward suggestions to consummate the related legal systems of new-type rural financial institutions. Firstly, point out the general goals of system consummation. Then provide concrete measures, such as canceling the contraints on funds raising and operation; establishing an effective and incentive mechanism to encourage new-type rural financial institutions to serve countryside, agriculture and farmers; and improving rural credit guarantee system,agricultural insurance system and other systems to provide fair and competitive environment for new-type rural financial institutions and the traditional rural financial institutions.更多还原