【作者】 王静；

【导师】 张学锋；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 文物与博物馆学（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 尔朱氏是在北魏末期动荡政局中迅速崛起的羯胡一支,平定蠕蠕、鲜于修礼、葛荣、邢杲等战乱后,逐渐形成以尔朱荣为领袖、尔朱家族为核心,以羯胡武士为主要军事力量,以北镇鲜卑武装为外围军事力量所组成的军事政治集团。尔朱氏代表北魏朝廷平定叛乱后,却发动河阴之变,先后拥立孝庄帝元子攸、长广王元晔、节闵帝元恭,北魏灭亡后,东魏高欢、西魏宇文泰,以及后来的关陇贵族主要成员,大多出自尔朱集团,尔朱氏虽在短期崛起后迅速败亡,却对北魏晚期以后的政局产生了深远影响。尔朱集团败亡,但尔朱氏作为一个家族依然发展延续,北魏末幸存的一支尔朱投奔西魏北周,作为宇文泰麾下一员武将起家,随之效力于宇文氏北周,再效力杨隋,而后由隋入唐,尔朱氏本身也在随着北方政治形势的变化发生改变,逐渐摆脱纯粹的羯胡军阀身份,阅经览史,文武兼备,成为关陇集团成员,跻身隋唐政坛。从北魏到隋唐帝国形成,尔朱氏作为一个家族,其本身命运的浮沉变迁,可以看做是整个历史的写照和缩影。本文从传世、出土的十数方尔朱家族碑志入手,以尔朱彦伯一房为线索,结合出土文献与史传记载,旁及不同时期同时存在的诸方势力,探讨隋唐帝国形成过程中的政治军事格局变化,以及这种变化带给尔朱氏的影响和改变。作为北方草原民族发展而来的尔朱氏,其崛起和十六国时期匈奴、鲜卑、氐、羌相似,但由于登国以后长期居住在并肆地区,鲜少接触汉文化,自身的局限性不可避免,尔朱的崛起到败亡再到重生,是朴素和文明从征服到对抗到接纳再到新生的转变过程,反映了整个时期历史的变化趋势。绪论之外,文章主要分为两部分展开论述。绪论,梳理以尔朱氏为代表的北朝胡族研究现状,指出,学界对中古时期家族研究虽然成果颇多,但迄今对尔朱氏的研究尚有可发展空间,所运用材料不够全面,需要在传世文献之外,结合出土文献以及出土实物资料,进而阐明本文研究的主体对象和主要依据。第一章,尔朱氏碑志概述。介绍迄今可见主要尔朱氏墓志、碑刻原文,选取其中九方相互有血缘关系的墓志作为本文主要探讨依据,著录原文,辅以和尔朱家族有姻亲关系的墓志,进行梳理,明晰出土文献及史传中记载的尔朱家族成员生平主要经历及其相互关系。第二章,碑志史传所见尔朱家族浮沉。在理清尔朱家族成员仕宦经历及相互关系的基础上,分北魏未、东西对峙到隋唐帝国形成前、大唐帝国建立及以后三个阶段,讨论尔朱氏在不同时期的命运浮沉,涉及六镇之乱、河阴之变、元颢北上、东西魏分裂、李渊代隋、玄武门之变以及武则天掌权等诸多重大历史事件,并由此探讨其背后反映的社会变迁和历史发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Erchu is one branch of Jie Hu rised suddenly in the unrest political situation in the last stage of the Northern Wei,afler putting down the rebellions of Ruru, Xianyu Xiuli, Gerong and Xinggao, a military and political group came to form, Erchu Rong was the chief leader, the Erchu famliy was the core, Jiehu warriors were the main military strength, the Beizhen Xianbei arm forces were the periphery military strength. However, after Erchu helping the Northern Wei government putting down rebellions, Erchu Rong started the Heyin Incident, with his manipulation, Yuan Ziyou, Yuan Ye and Yuan Gong became the emperor one after another. Soon, the Northern Wei perished, Gao Huan of the Eastern Wei, Yuwen Tai of the Western Wei, including main members of the later Guanlong aristocracies, most of them were from the Erchu Group. Though Erchu waned rapidly after they rised, they had a far-reaching impact to the political situation after the Northern Wei perished.The Erchu Group waned, but as a family, they contimued developing. A surviving branch of Erchu went to the Western Wei, made their fortune as an aides of Yuwen Tai, then they fighted in the Northern Zhou, then the Sui Empire, until the Tang Empire. The Erchu famliy itself was also changing as the political situation in north China changed. Its members were not Jiehu warlords any more, they read books, knew cultures, also knew how to fight and command soldiers, they became members of the Guanlong Group, came into politics of Sui and Tang.From the Northern Wei to Sui and Tang Empire, the change of Erchu Family was also the portray and epitome of the whole history. This paper will start with tens of Erchu’s inscriptions and epitaph which we can see so far, use the branch of Erchu Yanbo as the clue, combine unearthed documents and historical records, relate to other system influences at the same time, investigate changes of political and military structure in the forming progress of Sui and Tang Empire, also analyse effects and changes of Erchu.Erchu developed from an ethnic group came from the grassland in north China, the precess of their raise was so similar with Hun, Xianbei, Di and Qiang during the Sixteen Kingdoms, but they lived in Bing Zhou and Si Zhou for a long time after Dengguo in the Northern Wei, they farely knew Han culture, they could’t avoid theri limits. Their raise,wane and reborn, was also the process of conquer, fight and agaist, acception to rebirth of barbarous and civilization. It reflected the developing trend of the whole history.Besides the preface, this paper will comprise of two parts:The preface sorts out current study situation of Hu Zu in the Northern Dynasties that Erchu represents, points out that, even we have a lot of achievements in the study of famliies of medieval history, we still have developping room for study of Erchu. The material we use now is not comprehensive enough, besides historical records, we have to use unearthed documents and historical relics. Then elaborates major objecs and basis of this paper.The first chapter is the summarize of Erchu’s inscripntions and epitaph. Introduceing main Erchu’s inscriptions and epitaph that we can see so far, choosing nine of them, because the persons of the nine articals wrote have kinship, they are the main base of this paper. Related to another articles which wrote about two women who have marriage relationship with Erchu famliy, make the relationships of all the members of Erchu that both articles and historical records wrote clear, so as their career experiences.The second chapter was about the destiny and change of Erchu Family. Base on the clear relationship between Erchu family members and their main experiences, we discussing changes of the Erchu family in different times, main in last stage of the Northern Wei, from confrontation of Eastern and Western Wei to the begining of Sui and Tang Empire, after the Tang Empire founded. Combining the rebellion of Liuzhen, the Heyin Incident, Yuan Hao built a regime, the confrontation of Eastern and Western Wei, the Xuanwu Gate Event.更多还原