【作者】 张旭；

【导师】 李清明；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以‘大速生’叶用莴苣与‘蔬菠1号’菠菜为试材,首先用LED光源研究了叶用莴苣和菠菜对不同光质的需求特性,确定了其适宜的光质配比;然后通过塑料大棚有色棚膜覆盖栽培,研究了有色膜覆盖对菠菜生长、产量及品质的影响,筛选出最适宜菠菜的专用有色棚膜,主要结果如下:1.配置白色(W)、白+红(WR)、白+蓝(WB)、白+红+蓝(WRB)4个LED光配方处理,结果表明:WB处理下叶用莴苣地上部鲜重较CK提高10%,净光合速率较CK提高21.7%,羧化效率(EC)和Ru BP羧化酶活性显著高于CK,PSII光能吸收、捕获能力以及传递电子能力显著大于CK,全氮、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸的含量较CK显著增加,硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的活性较CK显著增强;WR处理下叶用莴苣的株高显著大于CK,蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性显著高于CK,蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性显著低于CK,可溶性糖和淀粉含量显著高于CK,即增加蓝光比例增强了PSII的活性,提高了净光合速率,促进了氮代谢的进行,从而促进叶用莴苣生物量的积累;增加红光比例促进了蔗糖合成,抑制蔗糖降解,净光合速率较CK虽然无显著性差异,但促进了叶用莴苣地上部碳水化合物的积累。2.配置白色(W)、白+红(WR)、白+蓝(WB)、白+绿(WG)、白+红+蓝(WRB)5个LED光配方处理,结果表明:WR处理下菠菜的株高、叶柄、干鲜重最大,显著大于CK;色素含量显著高于CK,实际光化学效率、暗反应下PSII的开放程度、吸收电子能力、电子从PSII传递到PSI末端的能力显著高于CK,净光合速率显著大于CK;蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性均显著大于CK,硝酸还原酶活性显著大于CK,即增加红光比例可以促进菠菜叶片色素的合成,增强PSII的活性,从而促进光合作用的进行,促进菠菜碳代谢的进行,有利于菠菜地上部生物量的合成。3.选用蓝、紫、红、白四种有色棚膜覆盖塑料大棚,并用纱网调节其光强,使四个处理光强基本保持一致,结果表明:红色膜有利于菠菜的生长,可以提高菠菜产量,改善菠菜品质,与LED光源试验结果一致,说明红膜是菠菜生长的专用膜。4.分别用三种透光率分别为50%、60%、70%的红色膜覆盖小拱棚,结果表明:60%透光率的红色膜可以提高菠菜产量显著改善菠菜品质,说明60%透光率红膜是菠菜生长的专用膜。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to investigate the effect of light quality on growth and physiological characteristics of spinach and leaf lettuce, we select the ’Shubo No. 1’ spinach and ’big fast-growing’ leaf lettuce as experimental materials. At the first, using the LED light source, we researched the requirment for different light quality of the spinach and leaf lettuce, then we researched the effect of different color greenhouses films on growth, yield and quality of spinach, in oder to select the appropriate greenhouses films of spinach. The main results as follows:1.we using LED light source, designed four different combinations of three colors of light: white(W), white plus red(WR), white plus blue(WB), white plus red and blue(WRB). The results showed that under white and blue light source, the fresh and dry weight of leaf lettuce increased by 10%, the net photosynthetic rate increased by 21.7%; carboxylation efficiency(EC) and Ru BP carboxylase activity, PSII absorption capacity, capability of capture and transfer electrons of leaves were all higher than that of control; as for nitrogen metabolism of leaf lettuce plant, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity enhanced, the content of soluble protein and free amino acids also increased. Under white and red light condition, SPS activity increased while SS activity decreased, which means that red light can promote the sucrose synthesis and suppress its degradation. Therefore the contents of soluble sugar and starch increased which facilitated accumulation of carbohydrates and carbon metabolism. In conclusion, supplement of red and blue light to white light can promote growth and photosynthesis of leaf lettuce significantly.2.we using LED light source, designed f Ive different combinations of three colors of light: white(W), white plus red(WR), white plus blue(WB), white plus green(WG), white plus red and blue(WRB). The results showed that under white and red light source, the fresh and dry weight of spinach increased, the net photosynthetic rate, PSII absorption capacity, capability of capture and transfer electrons were all higher than that of control; as for nitrogen content of spinach plant, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity enhanced, the content of soluble protein and free amino acids also increased. Under white and red light condition, SPS activity increased while SS activity decreased, which means that red light can promote the sucrose synthesis and suppress its degradation. Therefore the contents of soluble sugar and starch increased which facilitated accumulation of carbohydrates and carbon metabolism. In conclusion, supplement of red and blue light to white light can promote growth and photosynthesis of spinach significantly.3.We selected blue, purple, red and white color films to cover the tunnels respectively, which can change the light spectrum ratio inner tunnels. Also, the light intensity were regulated at the same level by coving the plastic net. The results showed that the growth and yield of spinach increased, and the quality of spinach improved under red films. So the red film is more suitable for the grown of spinach.4.We cover the tunnels with red films which have three different luminousness, ie 50%, 60%, and 70% respectively. The results showed that the growth and yield of spinach increased, and the quality of spinach improved obviously under red films with 60% luminousness, which indicate that the 60% luminousness of red film is more suitable for the spinach.更多还原