【作者】 苏鹰；

【导师】 雷洪德；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 教育管理， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以在培训机构长期学习,课堂上频繁出现问题行为的小学生为研究对象,结合教学实践,对其进行观察和深入调查,探究小学生的家庭环境与课堂问题行为之间的联系。研究者首先选取一个培训机构中的某班20名小学生作为研究对象,发放《家庭环境量表》(FES-CV)进行问卷调查。其次,锁定日常观察日志中频繁出现问题行为的五名小学生,单独比照他们的《家庭环境量表》,发现其中两名学生在家庭亲密度和情感表达这两个维度明显低于全班平均水平,并且在家庭成员矛盾性维度明显高于全班平均水平。研究者选取其中一名小学生作为个案研究对象,进入其家庭开展进一步的研究。研究发现,小学生课堂问题行为的形成与家庭环境有着密切联系。家庭环境包括家庭物质环境、家庭文化环境、家庭心理环境、家庭教养方式以及家长们对孩子的期望等等。家庭物质环境包括家庭的经济条件、居住状况和生活设施。不良的家居环境,往往会使得教育事倍功半。家庭文化环境包括家中的文化设施和家庭的生活方式等。良好的生活方式能够帮助孩子养成良好的行为习惯。家庭心理环境包括家庭关系、家庭气氛和家长的教育期望,是影响孩子身心健康发展的最为重要的因素。在孩子的成长过程中,家长的教养方式对孩子性格的塑造起着至关重要的作用。如果家庭气氛温馨,父母常伴孩子左右,孩子可能心情愉快、乐观开朗。如果家庭成员之间的关系冷漠,父母中的一员长期空缺,孩子则可能养成孤僻、冷漠的性格。乐观开朗的孩子在课堂中的表现大多是积极上进的；冷漠、孤僻的孩子在课堂中的表现可能是安静沉默的,也可能是暴躁不安的。心理学研究发现,很多成年人在个人生活中遇到的问题和困扰,都不是成年后的生存环境造成的,而是来源于童年时期在家庭中所受的影响和限制。所以,家庭环境对孩子的影响是非常深刻的,家庭生活在他们的身心会打下不可磨灭的烙印。良好的家庭环境对未成年人的个体发展起着积极的作用。改善家庭环境最为重要的是创造良好的家庭心理环境,使得家庭成员在家中具有安全感、幸福感,乐于与家人相互沟通、彼此相互关心、理解和尊重。这样的环境，有利于亲子之间保持亲密的关系，有利于孩子获得安全感，有利于孩子情绪的调节以及孩子适应能力的发展。教师有必要深入他们的家庭，引导其父母创造良好的家庭环境，共同培养身心健康、行为良好的学生。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, author uses the misbehavior students who study long-term in thetraining school. With author’s teaching practice, she studied and observed theirclassroom behavior, to see if student’s home environment and classroom misbehaviorhave some connections. The researcher first selected a class of20students in thetraining school as research subjects, gave a “Family Environment Scale " questionnaireto their parents. Secondly, targeting five misbehavior students, compared their" FamilyEnvironment Scale” with others and found two students’ family cohesion, feelingexpressions, the scores significantly higher than the average level of the class, and theirfamily contradictory dimension in terms of significantly higher of the class average.Therefore, the researchers selected one of the students as a case study, She went to herhome for further study.The study found that students’ classroom misbehavior and family environment areclosely linked. Family environment includes: family physical environment, familycultural environment, and family psychological environment, parenting styles andexpectations of the child’s parents, and so on. Economic conditions of the physicalenvironment, including home, the living conditions and living facilities. Unhealthyhome environment would make education less effective. Family cultural environmentand cultural facilities, including home and family lifestyle. Good lifestyle can helpchildren develop good habits. Family psychological environment, including familyrelationships, family atmosphere and parents ’ educational expectations, it is the mostimportant factor in a child’s physical and mental health impact. Family members in achild’s growth plays a vital role, if family members often accompany the child, thefamily is very warm, the child may feel happy, optimistic and cheerful. But if familymembers are apathy, one of the parents often left a long-term vacancy on child; he maydevelop withdrawal, apathy character. Most optimistic, cheerful child’s performance inthe classroom is motivated, however most cold, lonely child’s performance in theclassroom may be quiet, silent or may be cranky. Psychological studies have found that many adults encountered many problems in their personal lives; it is not cased by theirliving environment, but from their childhood family impacts. The influence of familyenvironment on people is very profound, and family life would leave an indelibleimprint on a child both physical and mental.Good family environment for minor’s individual development plays an active role.For improve family environment, the most important thing is to create a good familypsychological environment. There, family members at home with a sense of security,happiness, members in the family are willing to communicate with each other, careabout each other, and give each other understandings and respects. Such environmentcan make a close relationship between the parents and kids, help children get a sense ofsecurity, a regulate emotions and the ability to adapt to the developed society. Teacherneed to guide their parents to create a healthy family environment, to cultivateall-around children who are healthy, happy, polite, responsible, cooperative, curious,independent and confident.更多还原