我国海上维权执法机制研究

【作者】 张涛；

【导师】 莫纪宏；

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 ， 法律， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 二十一世纪以来,随着经济与科技的发展,世界各国开发利用海洋资源的步伐不断加快,对海洋领土及权益的重视与保护日趋成为世界各国关注的重点,海洋对于国家安全战略的影响愈来愈大,海洋执法管理也逐步成为影响国家综合国力的重要因素。然而,我国目前的海上维权执法机制和执法力量均不能全面适应我国海洋维权的需求:海上维权执法缺乏总体战略、执法职权单一、队伍重复建设、多头管理以及设施装备落后等等问题均已成为我国进行海洋维权的掣肘,建立并完善我国海上维权执法机制迫在眉睫。本文以“我国海上维权执法机制研究”作为选题,围绕“理论研究——现状研究——问题分析——建议对策”的路线展开论述:通过对国内外研究现状的梳理,为本文的研究提供了坚实的理论基础和丰富的思想启迪。纵观众多的研究成果,大多基于较为宏观的视角,展开了大量理论性研究,并且国内的研究更强调要结合我国的实际情况。基于此,本文的研究综合宏观和微观两个层面的视角,既强调要战略高度,又注重细节构建。本文还充分联系实际结合真实案例、国外经验展开论述,力争让论证更为充分、有理有据。在基本理论的论述中,文章从海上维权执法的性质与特征、执法主体以及执法任务三个方面介绍了海上维权执法的基本内涵。随后,文章对国内外海上维权执法的实践状况进行了介绍,先从中日钓鱼岛争端、中菲黄岩岛冲突、中越南海争端三个案例的介绍入手,呈现了我国海上维权执法的背景、状况及困境;然后对日韩两国的海上维权执法机制进行了简要介绍,并对各国海上维权执法机制的特征和规律进行了进一步的概括,以便为我国海上维权执法机制的完善提供经验借鉴。之后,对我国海上维权执法机制的发展历程、发展现状以及发展中遇到的问题进行了一系列的分析,并提出了有针对性的对策和建议。概括来说,我国海上维权执法机制经过萌芽、停滞和完善三个阶段,已基本成形。然而,由于一直以来没有系统性的发展战略规划,导致我国海上维权执法机制存在着诸如执法职权单一、多头管理、队伍重复建设和装备落后等问题。针对以上问题,文章建议从提升海上维权执法的战略高度、遵循海上维权执法机制演变规律、完善相关法律法规、整合海上维权执法力量、提高海上维权执法装备水平等方面对我国海上维权执法机制予以完善。综上,论文的选题直击热点,在国内外对海洋权益高度关注、我国海洋维权形势严峻的大背景下,既丰富了相关领域的研究,更为我国海上维权执法机制的完善建言献策。希望本文的研究能在未来我国海洋维权以及海上维权执法机制的完善中尽一份绵薄之力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 21 st century, with the development of economy, science and technology, developing and utilizing marine resources all over the world continues to pick up the pace. To re-examine and to protect marine territory and relative interests increasingly becomes focus of the world attention, oceans are increasingly affecting the national security strategy, marine law enforcement management has gradually become an important factor affecting the country’s comprehensive national strength. However, China’s maritime rights and enforcement mechanisms and powers are unable to fully meet the needs of China’s marine activist: lack of overall strategy, singleness of law enforcement power and duplicated construction of teams as well as the facilities poorly equipped and so on, such factors are becoming constraints of China’s marine active action, establishment and improvement of China’s maritime rights enforcement mechanism has been around the corner.This paper selects the "China’s maritime rights enforcement mechanism" as a topic, on discussing it by the path of “theoretical research, current situation research, problem analysis and suggestions”:Combing research clues at home and abroad, it provided a solid theoretical foundation and abundant thoughts of enlightenment. Throughout much research achievements, mostly based on a more macro perspective, it launched a large number of theoretical research, and domestic research is more emphasized to be combined with the actual situation of our country. The existing research results are mostly theoretical research based on the macro perspective. And domestic research is more emphasized in combination with the practical situation of our country. Based on this, this article integrated the perspective of macro and micro aspects, both are stressed to a strategic height, and attention to detail. This paper, also fully with practice, in discussing the foreign experience with real cases, strives to make argumentation more fully and justified.On discussing the basic theory, the article from the nature and characteristics of maritime rights protection law enforcement, law enforcement main body, and law enforcement task from three aspects, this paper introduces the basic connotation of maritime rights protection law enforcement. Then, the article introduces the condition of maritime rights protection law enforcement practice at home and abroad, from the first of all day the diaoyu islands dispute, the Philippines huangyan island conflict, the Vietnam sea dispute in the introduction of three cases as the diaoyu islands dispute, the Philippines huangyan island conflict, the Vietnam sea dispute, and presents the background of China’s maritime rights protection law enforcement, conditions and difficulties; And then to Japan and Korea maritime rights protection law enforcement mechanism are briefly introduced, and the national characteristics and regularity of maritime rights protection law enforcement mechanism has carried on the summary, further for the perfection of maritime law enforcement mechanisms to protect their rights in China to provide experience for reference. Later, for the development of China’s maritime rights protection law enforcement mechanism, development status and problems encountered in the development of a series of analysis, and targeted countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.In general, our country’s maritime rights protection law enforcement mechanism after the three stages of germination, stagnation and perfection, has basically taken shape. However, because the development of strategic planning hasn’t been systematic, China’s maritime rights enforcement mechanisms exists with, such law enforcement authority as a single, bull management, redundant construction. To solve above problems, the article suggested, from the strategy of ascension maritime rights protection law enforcement, following sea evolution law enforcement mechanism, perfecting the relevant laws and regulations to protect their rights, integration of maritime rights protection law enforcement power, improving maritime rights protection law enforcement equipment, and improving level of China’s maritime rights protection law enforcement mechanism.In conclusion, the paper puts topic on direct hot spots, with attention to the Marine rights and interests both at home and abroad, and to the backdrop of the grim situation of ocean rights in our country, it has enriched the research on the perfection of China’s maritime rights protection law enforcement mechanism for recommendations. The author hopes this research can be helpful to our country’s Marine rights and maritime law enforcement mechanisms in the future.更多还原