【作者】 张灿；

【导师】 苏蓉；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 法律， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 惩罚性赔偿制度是发端于英国法的一种法律制度,并在美国法中获得更为成熟和完善的发展。遵循公法和私法绝对性区分的大陆成文法系国家拒绝在私法体系中引入含有惩罚性质的惩罚性赔偿制度。但是近代以来,两大法系呈现出不断相互借鉴和渗透的发展趋势,特别是公法与私法界限的逐渐模糊以及社会实质正义的追求,惩罚性赔偿作为一种特殊的损害赔偿责任形式能够弥补补偿性赔偿惩罚不足、遏制与预防不力的缺陷,二者形成完美的互补,形成有效的社会治理模式。我国近年来,随着大量产品涌入人们的视野,质量不合格的产品充斥着商品市场。恶意产品缺陷致害频发,对使用者的损害巨大。为了严厉制裁恶意不法行为和违法获益,有效的督促经营者诚信经营,为消费者的合法权益提供强有力的保障,我国引入惩罚性赔偿制度。1993年《消费者权益保护法》规定,经营者有欺诈行为的,消费者可以请求双倍价款的赔偿,虽然学界对该条款是否为实质意义上的惩罚性赔偿制度存在争议,但是该规定超出一般民事责任制度以实际损害为限的赔偿范围,是立法的一次有深刻意义的大胆创新。随后颁布的《侵权责任法》和2014年新修的《消费者权益保护法》中明确引入了惩罚性赔偿制度,标志着我国惩罚性赔偿制度初步形成。但是,从我国目前惩罚性赔偿制度的实施现状来看,还存在诸多不完善之处,其立法目的和功能未能得到充分实现。具体表现为：缺乏统一的适用原则和目的,导致适用中出现思想混乱,惩罚性赔偿的作用的发挥受到限制；适用范围过于狭隘；适用条件过于严格；赔偿数额过于保守且过于刚性,缺乏指导性的判断标准。这些不足之处导致我国惩罚性赔偿制度难以发挥其在惩罚严重违法行为和预防和吓阻类似行为发生的社会功能和立法目的,在实践中的预期效果不明显。对此,通对惩罚性赔偿制度的特征和功能的剖析,在了解我国惩罚性赔偿制度的立法与实施现状的基础上,反思我国现行惩罚性赔偿制度在立法上的不足。通过基本法与特别法相结合；有限的扩大惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围：制定合理的惩罚性赔偿的适用条件以及完善惩罚性赔偿金数额的规定的途径,进一步完善我国惩罚性赔偿制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The modem Punitive damages originated in the United Kingdom, then it made its future development in United States of American. Because of the division of public and private law, civil law countries opposed to introduce in Punitive damages. However, as two law systems mutual learning and assimilation, as a special form of liability for damages,punitive damages should make up the drawbacks of compensatory damages.They are complementary tools. In recent years, a large number of products put into people’s horizons. Substandard products filled with commodity markets, product safety accidents cause huge damage to users. In order to punish illegal actsand supervise operator work with honest.And to provide powerful guarantee for the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.Punitive damages system bring in China. Consumer rights and interests protects a law regulated that:when operators have a fraud, consumer shall have the right to request payment for double the price. It is a profound meaning of bold innovation. Soon afterwardsTort Liability Law and Consumer Protection Act established punitive damages clearly. It marks the beginning of our country’s punitive damages. But, from the current situation of the implementation of our country, itis insufficient. The legislative purpose and functionrealize didn’t realize. For the performance that it lacks of unified principle and purpose, the applicable scope is too narrow and the applicable conditions are too strict,the compensation is too conservative. These disadvantages lead to punitive damages system in China is difficult to play social function and legislative purpose. Therefore, combining the basic law and special laws, expand the scope of punitive damages system and formulate reasonable application of punitive damages,improve the amount. To further perfect the system of punitive damages in our country.更多还原