节点文献
冯梦龙“三言”中的次要人物研究
【作者】 李春晖；
【导师】 徐文军；
【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2015， 硕士
【摘要】 冯梦龙的“三言”是明代通俗小说的杰出代表，它的出现标志着中国古代白话小说创作高潮的到来。同时自问世起，也引起了学术界研究者极大的研究热情，时至今日，关于“三言”的研究已经硕果累累，涵盖了思想主题、人物形象、艺术价值、小说技巧等各方面。但综观“三言”的学术研究情况，笔者发现对于作品中次要人物的总体研究，尚有留白。虽然涉及“三言”各类人物形象的研究颇多，但都体现出单一性和零散性的特点，而且多以小说中的主要人物作为研究重点，这对于“三言”研究视角的丰富性而言是一个重要的缺漏。鉴于此，笔者力图通过本课题的研究，深入挖掘“三言”次要人物这一群体的价值，以期为“三言”的研究注入新的活力。本论文主要分为以下五个部分：“绪论”：主要介绍“三言”次要人物这一课题的研究现状、研究创新点和难点。从大的方面来说，关于古代小说次要人物的研究，主要涉及古代短篇小说和章回体小说中个别次要人物的零散研究；从小的方面来说，与“三言”有关的次要人物研究，尚未形成体系，只散存于一些人物形象专论中。因此，梳理与挖掘“三言”次要人物这一课题就显得十分必要。第一章：“次要人物”概念界定，“三言”中的次要人物数量庞大，难以逐个分析。那么就需要确定研究的主要对象，将那些最具研究价值、最具代表性的次要人物作为重点。第一节中，对“主要人物”与“主人公”这两个相似的概念进行比较；第二节中，在“主要人物”概念的基础上确定次要人物概念，进一步明确“三言”当中的次要人物，也就是本文的主要研究对象，即那些与“主要人物”关系最密切、在情节发展过程中和人物结构体系中处于重要地位、其本身又具有独特个性和重要价值的人物。第二章：“三言”次要人物举要类析，主要依据人物的人格是否符合普遍的道德评判标准及其与小说主题善恶倾向的关系对人物进行类析。第一节介绍次要人物中的正面形象，主要分为聪慧善良的女性、扶危济困的义士、礼顺人情的官员、忠心为主的仆人、仁慈开明的家长、助善除恶的神灵形象六类；第二节介绍次要人物中的反面形象，主要分为好色贪淫的男性、品行不端的毒妇、穿街入户的婆子、江湖作恶的歹人、昏庸顽愚的家长、神秘阴森的鬼魅等七类；第三节介绍次要人物中的中性形象，即那些不具有明显的正反倾向性的人物。本章通过对大量生动鲜活的次要人物形象的分析，以期对次要人物有一个具体化、形象化的认识，也为后文的进一步分析做一铺垫。第三章：次要人物在“三言”故事中的艺术功能，本章分六节对次要人物在“三言”中的叙事功能做出详细介绍，分别为次要人物与其他人物关系、次要人物与小说故事结构、次要人物与故事情节生成、次要人物与故事叙事环境、次要人物与小说语言风格、次要人物与小说思想主题。第四章：以“三言”为例分析白话短篇小说中次要人物的特殊价值，本章在“三言”次要人物的研究基础上，通过“三言”与章回小说如《红楼梦》、《水浒传》、《三国演义》、《金瓶梅》等在次要人物描写方面的差别的比较，进一步论述白话短篇小说中次要人物在笔墨分布、关联人物、结构生成、主题体现四个方面的特殊性。总之，“三言”中丰富的次要人物蕴含着具有深远意义的研究价值，本文通过对“三言”次要人物的全面梳理与归纳分析，不仅能使那些未受关注的次要人物重新焕发光彩，也能对“三言”人物研究起到裨补缺漏的作用，也希望对今后“三言”的研究工作能有所助益。
【Abstract】 Feng Menglong’s “San Yan” is an excellent representative of popularnovels of Ming dynasty, its emergence marks the high point of the vernacularnovels in ancient China. It also caused great enthusiasm of the academicresearchers since it appeared. The study of "San Yan" has been fruitful, theycovers the themes, characters,artistic value, novel techniques and otheraspects. But throughout the academic research situation of "San Yan", theauthor found that there is only a little about the study of minor characters in theworks. While there are all kinds of characters involved in the research of "SanYan", but they are always scattered,and more with the main characters of thenovel as a research focus, It is an important omission to the "San Yan"research for the rich perspectives. In view of this, the author tries to explorethe value of minor characters in "San Yan"through the study of this subject, soas to inject new vitality to the study of the "San Yan".This thesis mainly divided into the following five parts:"Introduction": In this part mainly introduce the topic research status,research and innovation points and difficult points of "San Yan" minorcharacters.From the large aspects,It mainly related to ancient stories anddefects in individual minor characters in the novel the scattered research;From the side, minor characters research related to the "San Yan"has not yetformed systematically, scattered in only a few characters in the monograph.Therefore, combing the minor characters of “San Yan" is very necessary.The first chapter:Definition of "minor characters", There are a largenumber of minor characters in "San Yan", it is difficult to analysis them one byone. So we need to determine the main objects of the study which have themost research value and most representative as the focus. The firstsection,compared two similar concepts:the "main character" and "hero";Thesecond section, determine the concept of minor characters on the basis of theconcept of "main character";The third section,defined the minor charactersin"San Yan" further,which is the main research object of this article, namelythose most closely related with the "main character", and very important in theplot development and character structure system, for itself also has a uniquepersonality and important value.The second chapter: List the major examples of minor characters in "SanYan". Mainly class the characters on the basis of the personality of thecharacter whether or not in line with the universal moral standards and itsrelationship with novel themes of good and evil tendencies.The first sectionintroduces the positive image of the minor characters, mainly divides into sixclasses as intelligent virtuous women, officials in favor of the leader, the ritual, faithful servant, kindness enlightened parents and the fairy who obliterate theevil and help the kind people;The second section introduces the negativeimage of the minor characters, mainly divides into seven classes as the manof lewdness, the wicked women, the matchmaker that wandering all around,the fierce robbers,the fatuous invincible parents and the mysterious ghost; Thethird section introduces the neutral image of minor characters, namely thosewho do not have obvious positive and negative bias. This chapter through theanalysis of a large number of secondary characters vivid, in order to minorcharacters have a specific and visual cognition, as well as after a furtheranalysis of the text.The third chapter: the artistic function of the minor characters in "SanYan", In this chapter the article made a detailed introduction of minorcharacters’ narrative function in "San Yan":the minor characters andcharacters relations, the minor characters and the plot generated, the minorcharacters and story narrative environment, the minor characters and novelthemes, the minor characters and the story structure, the minor characters andthe language style novel.The fourth chapter:the special value of the minor characters in thevernacular short stories,based on the study of the "San Yan" minor characters,compare the differences of minor characters between the "San Yan" and innovels such as "the Story of the Stone","Water Margin","the Romance of thethree kingdoms","Jin Ping Mei" and so on,to further discusses the particularityof the minor characters in the vernacular short stories from four aspects:in inkdistribution, correlation characters, structure formation and theme reflects.In a word,a lot of minor characters in "San Yan" contains the far-reachingresearch value, through the Analysis and summary of the minor characters in"San Yan" all-round way, not only can make a melody back in those minorcharacters not concerned ever, and it not only can help supply the researchon "San Yan" characters, but also be helpful to "San Yan" research work in thefuture.