【作者】 刘静；

【导师】 杨雪；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 社会医学与卫生事业管理， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 城市低收入女性作为城市人口组成中的一个特殊群体，由于受到经济能力的限制，加之自身社会地位、健康观念、认知、行为等与其周围同龄女性存在较大差异，其生殖健康是国家和政府相关部门需要重点关注的问题。生殖道感染是生殖健康的重要问题之一，其发生情况能够直接反映人群的生殖健康水平。本文从调查城市低收入女性生殖道感染情况入手，了解该人群生殖健康现况、相关知识、就医行为及需求，分析可能影响城市低收入妇女生殖健康的相关因素，在此基础上结合相关理论提出改善目标群体生殖健康的对策。本研究采用横断面现况研究方法，对北京市海淀区1018名城市下岗、无业、低保等低收入女性进行问卷调查，同时对常见、多发的下生殖道感染疾病进行妇科筛查。结果显示，研究妇女中一半以上者年龄在45岁以上；绝大多数为汉族；三分之二的妇女为高中及以下文化程度；接近一半的妇女家庭月平均收入低于800元。研究对象近6个月内自报生殖道感染症状主要集中在外阴瘙痒、阴道分泌物异常和非经期下腹痛；因症就医率较低；调查对象生殖道感染相关知识的知晓率低；少数妇女的认知存在易于导致生殖道感染的误区。单因素分析显示：不同年龄、民族、受教育程度和婚姻状况的调查对象其自报生殖道感染率差异有统计学意义：年龄越小，自报生殖道感染率越高；少数民族的自报感染率明显高于汉族；调查对象受教育程度越高，自报感染率越高；不同婚姻状态中丧偶的妇女自报感染率最低，同居妇女的自报感染率最高。logistic回归分析显示：与45岁及以上研究对象相比，其他年龄组生殖道感染症状自报率较高，特别是小于30岁的研究对象。与初婚/初次性生活年龄30岁及以上研究对象相比，20岁以下年龄组生殖道感染症状自报率较高。与无怀孕史研究对象相比，有怀孕史的妇女生殖道感染症状自报率较高，特别是怀孕3次的妇女。研究结果提示：低收入女性生殖健康现状不容乐观；低收入妇女生殖健康相关知识缺乏，生殖保健及自我健康保护意识差，对医疗服务的利用率低，少数妇女的生殖健康相关行为存在着易于导致生殖道感染的误区；低收入女性对生殖健康相关信息及服务需求强烈。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a special group, urban low income women are different fromother women in the city, due to their restricted finance, distinct socialstatus, awareness of health, cognition and behavior, which render themvulnerable in reproductive health. Their problem of reproductive healthhas been concerned about by authorities. As one of major problems inreproductive health, the incidence of reproductive tract infectionsreflect directly the level of reproductive health of population. This paperfocuses on urban low-income women, with the aim of looking at theirreproductive health, related knowledge, health care seeking behavior andneeds. Based on the analysis of possible factors which would affect theirreproductive health, strategies and implications are proposed to improvereproductive health of the target group. According to the cross-sectionaldesign, questionnaire interviews were conducted with1018urbanlow-income women who lived in Haidian district of Beijing.The statistics indicate that the majority of the subjects of researchwere aged45and above (more than50%), Han ethnic group, at the levelof high school education (2/3), and with average family monthly incomelower than800(close to a half). The major RTI symptoms includedvulvae itching, abnormal vaginal secretion and lower abdominal pain atnon-menstruation; the rate of seeking healthcare because of RTIsymptoms was low. The RTI knowledge rate was relatively low with aminority of women’s misconceptions about RTI. The single factor analysis demonstrates that age, ethnicity, education and marriage wasstatistically related to self-reported RTI rate. Younger women intended toreport RTI than elderly ones. The RTI self-report rate for the ethnic groupwas much higher than that of Han group. There was a growing trend ofRTI self-report rate by education level. The RTI self-report rate forwidowed women remained the lowest whereas that for those whocohabited was the highest. The binary logistic regression shows that incomparison with45-year olds and above, younger groups had the higherself-report rates, particularly30-year olds and below. Comparing withthose who had first sex at30or above, women whose first sex at20orbelow were more likely to report RTI. Women with pregnant history weremore likely to report RTI than those without, particularly those who hadbeen pregnant for three times.The main findings include: reproductive tract infections inlow-income women proved to be a problem; this group of women lackedrelevant knowledge, were insufficiently aware of reproductive health andself care, and underutilized healthcare services; some health-relatedbehaviors among these women may put them at risk of contractingreproductive tract infections; there were enormous needs forcorresponding information and services.更多还原