【作者】 刘杰；

【导师】 周佰成； 韩朋；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 工业工程（专业学位）， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的快速发展，政府财力不断增强，政府投资的建设项目快速增加，已成为当前推动社会经济发展的重要力量。尽管政府投资的工程项目具有较大的社会效益，但是一些政府投资工程存在前期准备工作不到位、不重视前期工作，违反工程建设项目的基本程序，行政干预较多，工程造价高、浪费严重等问题。因此，对政府投资项目进行科学统筹和管理，具有重要意义。通过工业工程课程的学习，结合运筹学、系统工程方面的理论，在参考管理理论专业学者在管理政府投资工程方面成果的基础上，本文结合根据政府投资工程项目存在的问题和经济技术开发区的特点，结合作者对政府投资工程的体会和经验，总结出对工程项目科学的、可行的管理模式。长期以来政府工程项目把主要精力集中在施工阶段，以及项目完成后的资金审核上，而普遍忽视工程的前期论证和决策。工程项目的前期论证是项目的起点，关系项目的成败，并且这一阶段的投资约占工程总投资额的0.5~3%，但是影响总投资的可能性为35~95%。充分地研究论证，多方征求专家、学者意见，对合理配置资源、保障项目顺利实施具有重要意义。政府工程受行政干预较多，前期论证比较草率，前期阶段投入的资金和人力少，时间短，缺乏专业的、细致的基础工作，有些工程甚至边设计、边报批、边施工，也就是通常所说的“三边工程”。而工程上马后，由于前期准备不充分，施工方案往往不合理，造成工程项目工期延误或者投资大、效益低，甚至造成工程无法实施，成为“烂尾工程”。由此造成的政府投资损失和浪费十分惊人。对工程项目进行科学管理，首先应重视项目的前期论证。在前期论证阶段一方面，要控制工程投资、杜绝资源浪费；另一方面，论证工程是否可行，避免工程隐患，必要时增加投资，确保工程不至于“烂尾”或留下重大隐患，造成更大损失。其次，注重政府部门之间的协调与协作，在工程论证期间，务必向规划、环保、水务、安全、国土、发改委等部门进行意见咨询，确保工程建设和手续符合相关的政策与法规。第三，对工程中的关键问题，要予以高度重视，集中力量、充分论证，务必找出最优的解决办法。在论证过程中要广泛征求专家学者的意见，加强与大专院校、科研院所、设计单位的合作以弥补政府部门在某些专业领域的缺陷，为工程项目提供专业的、科学的分析与论证。凉水河是北京经济技术开发区内最主要的河流，其水源主要是流域内污水处理厂排水和城市生活污水。凉水河开发区段，河道淤积严重，水质较差。随着开发区及周边地区经济的快速发展，凉水河沿岸陆续建成了制药企业、工业园区、办公区、医院和居民小区。为了改善凉水河的面貌，2009年起，开发区管委会投入资金对荣昌西街至马驹桥段针对凉水河存在的问题进行了综合治理。该工程中河道淤泥的处置是难点问题，北京经济技术开发区有大量生产企业，所排放的工业废水中可能含有铜、砷、汞等重金属。治理河段河道淤泥估算量约15万吨，对这些可能含有重金属的淤泥，最常用的处理办法是进行卫生填埋，淤泥的处置费用将十分高昂，而运输过程中的遗撒会造成二次污染，产生新的环境和社会问题。得益于开发区系统的、科学的管理，生产企业的重金属污染物得到了有效控制，实际经过污水处理厂排入凉水河的重金属污染物极少。建设单位通过详细地调查研究，并委托专业检测机构（CNAS）对凉水河、新凤河的河道底质进行了检测，检测结果也显示，凉水河开发区段河道淤泥中重金属含量较低。建设单位就调查和检测结果，广泛征求了环保、水务、土壤、农业、园林绿化等各相关专业专家学者的意见，并召开了专家评审会，专家学者们一致认为调查和监测结果详尽可靠，可以作为工程项目的决策依据。由于凉水河开发区段河道淤泥受到的污染较轻，重金属污染物浓度满足《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》（GB4284-84），可以作为绿化肥料使用。在优化方案中，工程施工过程中清理的淤泥，在河道沿线土地整治和绿化工程中，就地利用。施工方案经过优化后，避免了河道淤泥清运产生的二次污染，而且河道淤泥治理的估算投资费用由13950万元减少到900万元，大大节约了工程费用。结合凉水河荣昌西街至马驹桥段治理工程实例，说明如何在前期论证阶段，如何收集资料、征求专家和学者意见，为工程决策提供可靠的依据。这些经验、方法对类似工程具有一定借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of our economy, the government’s financialresources strengthen continuously, rapid increase in government investmentconstruction projects, has become an important force in promoting social andeconomic development of the current. Although the government project investmenthas great social benefit, but some investment projects the government exists thepreparatory work is not in place, do not pay attention to the preliminary work, thebasic procedure violated engineering construction projects, administrativeintervention, the engineering cost is high, and serious waste. Therefore, the scientificplanning and management of government investment projects, has importantsignificance.Through the industrial engineering courses of study, combined with operationalresearch, systems engineering theory, based on the professional scholars referencemanagement theory in the management of government investment projectachievements, this paper combines the characteristics of government investmentproject according to the existing problems and the economic and TechnologicalDevelopment Zone, combined with the experience of the author and the experienceof government investment projects, summary a feasible management mode ofscientific, engineering project.Long term since government projects focus on construction stage, and after thecompletion of the project funds audit, neglecting project prophase argumentation and decision making. The pre demonstration project is the starting point of the project,the relationship between the success or failure of the project, and this phase of theproject investment accounted for a total investment of0.5~3%, but the effect of totalinvestment possibilities for35~95%. To fully research and demonstration, solicitedthe views of scholars, experts, is important to the smooth implementation of therational allocation of resources, ensure project. Government projects subject toadministrative intervention, pre demonstration more hasty, early stage investmentfunds and manpower is little, time is short, the lack of basic work of professional,meticulous, some projects even design, approval, construction, is usually called "thethree side project". But after the initiation of the project, because the preparation isnot sufficient, the construction scheme is often unreasonable, cause project delays inthe project schedule or large investment, low benefit, even cause the project can notbe implemented, become "unfinished project". The result of government investmentlosses and waste of amazing.Scientific management of engineering project, first of all should pay attention toearly demonstration project. On the one hand, in the pre demonstration phase, tocontrol the engineering investment, avoid the waste of resources; on the other hand,demonstration project is feasible, avoiding the engineering hidden trouble, whennecessary, to increase investment, to ensure the project not "unfinished" or leave agreat hidden danger, causing a greater loss. Second, pay attention to the coordinationand cooperation between government departments, in the project demonstrationperiod, be sure to planning, environmental protection, safety, water, land,development and Reform Commission and other departments to carry out the adviceof the Advisory, ensure project construction and formalities in accordance with therelated policy and the laws and regulations. Third, the key problems in the project,should give height takes seriously, concentrated force, fully demonstrated, be sure tofind out the optimal solution. In the process of proving to solicit the views of experts and scholars, strengthen scientific research institutes and colleges of defects, anddesign units to make up for the cooperation of government departments in someprofessional field, to provide professional, scientific analysis and demonstration forthe project.Lianghui river is the main river of Beijing economic and TechnologicalDevelopment Zone, the water is within the watershed sewage effluent and urbansewage. Lianghui River Development Zone, serious siltation, water quality is poor.With the rapid development of economic development zone and its surrounding area,Lianghui River coast built another pharmaceutical enterprises, industrial parks,office area, hospital and community residents. In order to improve the Lianghui riverlook,2009, Development Zone Investment on Rongchang street to Majuqiaoaccording to the existing problems of the Lianghui River comprehensive treatment.The project of river silt disposal is a difficult problem, the Beijing economicand Technological Development Zone has a large number of production enterprises,may contain copper, arsenic, mercury and other heavy industrial wastewaterdischarge in. Governance River silt estimated was about150000tons, of these maycontain heavy metals in the sludge, treatment method is the most commonly used ofsanitary landfill, sludge disposal costs will be very high, but in the process oftransportation and scattered will cause two pollution, produce new environmentaland social problems.Thanks to the development zone system, scientific management, the heavymetal pollutant production enterprises has been effectively controlled, the actualsewage treatment plant after the heavy metal pollutants discharged into theLiangshui River rarely. Construction units through investigation and study in detail,the professional testing organization commissioned (CNAS) on the Lianghui River,Xin Feng river bottom sediment were detected, the detection results also show thatthe content of heavy metals in Liangshui River development section of river silt of low. Construction units on the investigation and detection results, extensivesolicitation of environmental protection, water, soil, agriculture, landscaping andother relevant professional opinions of experts and scholars and experts held areview meeting, the experts and scholars agree that the results of investigation andmonitoring of detailed and reliable, can be used as the basis for decision making ofproject.Due to the Lianghui river development section of river silt pollution is light,heavy metal pollutant concentrations meet "control standards for pollutants insludge"(GB4284-84), can be used as a green manure. In the optimization scheme,clean up the mud in the process of construction, the land along the river remediationand greening projects, local use. The construction scheme is optimized, avoiding thetwo pollution river silt removal is generated, and the river silt governance ofinvestment estimation cost reduced by139500000yuan to9000000yuan, greatlyreduce the project cost.Combined with the treatment project of Rongchang West Lianghui River toMajuqiao section examples illustrate how the pre demonstration phase, how tocollect data, to seek the views of experts and scholars, and provide reliable basis forengineering decision-making. These experiences, the method has certain referencesignificance to similar engineering.更多还原