【作者】 张荣；

【导师】 孙昭晨；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 水利工程（专业学位）， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 海岸带是陆地与海洋的接触地带,也是全球生态环境的脆弱带,易受风暴潮、海平面上升和人类活动的影响,常出现海岸线变迁、海岸侵蚀、港湾淤积等现象,也容易发生环境污染等一系列海岸带环境问题。因此,从事海岸地貌的研究,了解海岸的演变过程与变化趋势,掌握海岸防护技术方法,对港口建设、围垦、旅游等自然资源的合理开发利用,都有着十分重要的意义。我国的海岸整治措施以传统硬工程措施、线防护为主。由于海岸综合整治耗资巨大、技术难度高,目前仅在个别海域开展,尚缺乏全国性的海岸综合整治方案。对于海岸侵蚀、港湾淤积等海域空间资源受损问题相关的整治理论与工程技术没有较为系统的研究,更无规范性的整治规划设计技术方法体系可供参考。本文用控制体的概念解释了海岸演变机制,调查了我国海岸类型及分布、海岸问题的特点、原因及研究背景。通过借鉴欧美等国家成熟的海岸工程手册,并在对比各国海岸工程手册规范和分析海岸成功整治案例的基础上,总结了海堤、丁坝、离岸堤、人工沙滩、人工岬湾养滩综合法等常用侵蚀防护工程措施以及防波堤、防沙导流堤等防沙防淤工程措施的特点、设计标准和技术规范,并给出它们的适用范围,及建议的组合方式,以发挥综合的海岸整治防护效果。为了提高海岸带的综合利用价值,充分发挥其经济、社会、生态效益,海岸防护观念从原来线的防护转变为面的防护,将海岸带作为一个整体进行综合整治和利用开发。结合国内外成功的工程实例,总结归纳了海岸综合整治和综合开发的原则和方法。文中最后做了总结并指出本文的不足之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coastal zone is the contact zone of the land and ocean, which is a global ecological environment fragile zone and vulnerable to sea level rise, storm surge and the impacts of human activities. The phenomenon such as shoreline change, coastal erosion and gulf siltation often appear while a series of coastal zone environmental problems like pollution also easily occur. Therefore, to engage in the research of coastal landscape evolution, understand its process and tendency, and master shore protection technology are important to development of port construction, coastal reclamation, tourism and utilization of nearshore resources.Coastal renovation measures in China still mostly use traditional hard engineering structures in the form of line protection. As comprehensive costal improvement is extremely costly and requires high-difficulty technology, it is now only carried out in some individual sea areas and there is no national coastal comprehensive improvement scheme. For marine spatial resources damaged problems such as coastal erosion, gulf siltation, there lacks systematic study of relevant regulation theory and engineering technological methodology, without normative regulation and planning or design method system for reference.In this paper, the concept of control volume is used to explain coastal evolution mechanism. Coast types, distribution and coastal features in China, and the reasons, research background of coastal problems are investigated. After comparing and analyzing coastal engineering manuals, specifications and successful renovation cases, the characteristics, design standards, technical norms, and application scopes of common shore protective structures such as seawall, spur dike, offshore breakwater, beach nourishment, artificial cape bay beach and accretion preventive structures like breakwater, jetty and the suggested combination way of several structures in order to have comprehensive regulation effect are given.For purpose of improving comprehensive utilization value of coastal zone and giving full play to its economic, social and ecological benefits, coastal protection concept has been changed from the original line protection to plane protection, which means comprehensive improvement and development measures are applied to whole coastal zone. Taking example by domestic and overseas successful engineering cases, the principles and methods of coastal comprehensive improvement and development are summarized. Finally a conclusion is made and the deficiency of this article is pointed out.更多还原