【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 李森；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 安全科学与工程， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 地铁,现代城市交通系统中的重要组成部分,是缓解国际大都市交通拥堵问题的有效途径。但是地铁内由于人员密集、流动性大、出入口较少、火灾时供氧不足、发烟量大、排烟困难、散热慢等特点导致人员疏散困难。地铁火灾是威胁地铁安全运营的最大隐患,一旦发生,后果严重,对人员生命、经济发展、社会安定都将产生极大的负面影响。因此研究地铁人员安全疏散,能够有效预防和减少火灾情况下的人员伤亡,尤其是防止群死群伤事故的发生,最大限度的保证人员的生命安全,已成为当前国内外公共安全领域研究的热点和重点。本文首先介绍了国内外地铁的火灾和人员安全疏散研究现状和意义。分析了地铁火灾原因、危害,其次介绍了人员疏散的主要影响因素,分析了影响可用安全疏散时间和所需安全疏散时问的因素,并在此基础上建立了地铁火灾疏散安全性的评价指标体系。将模糊综合评价方法用于地铁火灾疏散安全性的评价中。最后用building EXODUS对地铁人员疏散进行了模拟,得出了必须安全疏散时间,提出了保证地铁火灾安全疏散的策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 The subway, the modem municipal transportation system in important constituent, is the effective way to the alleviation international metropolis transportation question. But in the subway, it has the traits that the personnel is concentrated, the flow of personnel is big, the exits are few, the oxygen supply is lack, the smoke amounts is big, ejecting smoke is difficult and heat dissipation is slow.The hidden danger of the fire accident is one of the largest threats in metro operations as it may cause great loss of people’s lives and property and exert negative effects on economic development and social stability. Studying subway safety evacuation can effectively prevent and reduce the fire casualties, especially prevent the cause of accident that produce many casualties, and it has become a hot spot and key in current domestic and international public safety field.The domestic and foreign subway fire case, the subway fire traits, research situation of safety evacuation and the significance of subway safety evacuation are firstly introduced by this paper. Subway fire causes hazard and prevention and treatment are analyzed. Secondly the main influence factors to evacuate are introduced, and the factors that influence the available safe egress time and required safe egress time are analyzed, then the assessment index system of the subway safety egress in fire is built. The Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is applied in the model.At last software building EXODUS is used to simulate the subway personnel evacuation, and the Requested Egress Safety Time is gotten. The tactics that guarantee the subway egress safety in fire are put forward.更多还原