唐至五代时期黄堡窑青瓷烧造及装饰工艺研究

【作者】 崔建；

【导师】 冉万里；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 考古学及博物馆学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 黄堡窑是唐至五代时期中国北方重要的窑场,位于今陕西省西安市以北的铜川市黄堡镇。黄堡窑烧造瓷器产品种类繁多,从釉色看有白釉、黑釉、黄釉、青釉瓷器等,器型既有食具、酒具、茶具,也有文房用品、化妆用品等。据考古发掘资料,黄堡窑在中晚唐始烧青瓷,此时青瓷产品从胎质致密程度到釉色均匀与否都处在摸索和模仿的层次,器物种类也相对较少,纹样比较简单。五代开始,黄堡窑青瓷烧造量大增,胎质细密,釉色莹润,对纹样与造型既有创新也有借鉴学习,精品大量出现,为宋代耀州窑盛烧及贡瓷地位的确立,青瓷产品的大量外销,耀州窑系的形成都起到了重要的奠基作用。对于五代黄堡窑青瓷出现这样一个重大的发展,必然是由很多外在内在原因促进的。本文就从胎釉料配方、装烧工艺、成型和装饰工艺这几个方面结合当时的社会大背景来讨论。唐代黄堡窑青瓷在创烧阶段,从釉料组成成分看,很有可能在一定程度上模仿了当时青瓷烧造技术发达的越窑的釉料配比方法,但是南北方使用的窑炉结构、胎料等都有不同,为了达到越窑的水准,五代时期黄堡窑结合本地特点,提升了胎土的洗练陈腐工艺,同时在窑具的使用方面也有了进一步的学习、改革和创新,从而使得黄堡窑青瓷的工艺水平大大提高。此外,黄堡窑窑场一直处于这一时期的政治中心区域,除去个别动乱时期,其社会稳定程度较高,与东西的文化交流频繁,受社会上层的影响也比较大,使得窑场间先进技术的交流传播必然存在。在市场、政治等因素的推动影响下,五代时期黄堡窑青瓷承上启下的重要地位得以形成。更多还原

【Abstract】 Huang Bu kiln is one of the most important kiln in the north of China from the Tang to Wu Dai Dynasty, which is located in Huang Bu Town, Tong Chuan City, Shaanxi Province. The porcelain of Huang Bu kiln are various. Distinguished from the color of glaze, it has white, black, yellow and green-glazed porcelain. And distinguished from the shape and function of the porcelain, it includes tableware, drinking vessel, tea-set and also stationery and cosmetic products.According to the archaeological discovery, the green-glazed porcelain in Huang Bu had been manufactured in the middle-late period of Tang Dynasty. In this period, the green-glazed porcelain of Huang Bu kiln, whether the quality of fetal soil or the color of glaze, are in a stage of exploration and imitation, the shape and decoration of the porcelain are less various. From the Wu Dai Dynasty, the quantity of green-glazed porcelain in Huang Bu kiln soared. The quality of fetal soil and the color of glaze are largely improved, a large number of high-quality products had emerged. At the same time, laid the foundation of the exportation of the products and also the great development at the Song Dynasty.Green-glazed porcelain of Huang Bu kiln, At the Wu Dai Dynasty, for such an great and important development, must be promoted by many external and internal causes. This article attempt to discuss this issue from several facts, including the formula of fetal soil and glaze, burning technology, the skill of molding and decoration and also combined with the contemporary social background. The green-glazed porcelain of Huang Bu kiln is in the first burning stage at Tang Dynasty, according to the formula of glaze, had probably, in the mount, attempted to imitate the advanced technology of Yue kiln. But in a way, there are lots of difference between Yue and Huang Bu kiln from whether fetal soil or the structure of kiln, in order to achieve the level of Yue kiln, at the Wu Dai Dynasty, Huang Bu kiln had carried out a series of reforms. Including the skill of fetal soil preparation, the improvement of kiln tools and so on. As a result, the process level of Huang Bu kiln had been greatly improved. In addition, Huang Bu kiln had been at the center of regional politics in this period. Besides some chaotic times, the high degree of social stability, frequent cultural exchange and the communication between the skill-advanced kiln are the mainstream of this period. Under the influence of these factors, at the Wu Dai Dynasty, Huang Bu kiln has made a considerable progress and development.更多还原