【作者】 王静；

【导师】 汪季；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 为探索引种的长柄扁桃(Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.)在科尔沁沙地栽植的最佳水肥条件,本文以伊金霍洛旗引进的3年生长柄扁桃为供试材料,采用正交试验设计方法,设置灌水、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥为因素,每因素设置4水平。探讨各因素及水平间的组合效应,寻找最佳组合方案,确定最优水肥配比。主要结论如下：(1)4因素影响株高、冠幅、基径的独立效应表现为氮肥>钾肥>灌水>磷肥,氮肥对3指标影响极显著(P<0.01),钾肥影响显著(0.01<P<0.05),灌水和磷肥影响不显著(P>0.05),3指标最佳组合方案为氮肥30g/株+钾肥30g/株+灌水7L/株+磷肥10g/株。(2)灌水对叶片相对含水量、叶水势影响极显著(P<0.01),氮肥对前者影响极显著(P<0.01),对后者影响显著(0.01<P<0.05),磷肥和钾肥对两者影响均不显著(P>0.05)。4因素独立效应表现为灌水>氮肥>钾肥>磷肥,两者均在灌水7L/株+氮肥30g/株+钾肥30g/株+磷肥10g/株达到最大值。(3)4因素对光合特性的独立效应表现为灌水>氮肥>钾肥>磷肥。灌水对光合特性指标影响极显著(P<0.01),以光合特性为依据,最佳水肥组合为灌水7L/株+氮肥30g/株+钾肥30g/株+磷肥1 0g/株。(4)细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量最低处理为灌水7L/株+氮肥30g/株+钾肥30g/株+磷肥10g/株。4因素的主次顺序为灌水>氮肥>钾肥>磷肥,灌水对其影响极显著(P<0.01),氮肥、钾肥影响显著(0.01<P<0.05),磷肥影响不显著(P>0.05)。(5)影响游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量的主次因素顺序为灌水>氮肥>钾肥>磷肥,两者最低的处理为灌水7L/株+氮肥30g/株+钾肥30g/株+磷肥10g/株。灌水对两者影响极显著(P<0.01),氮肥、钾肥影响显著(0.01<P<0.05),而磷肥影响不显著(P>0.05)。(6)4因素对单株结果数、单果重、单株产量的独立效应表现为：氮肥>钾肥>灌水>磷肥。3指标最佳的组合方案为氮肥30g/株+钾肥30g/株+灌水7L/株+磷肥10g/株。氮肥、钾肥对其影响极显著(P<0.01),灌水量、磷肥影响显著(0.01<P<0.05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. optimal planting irrigation and fertilizer conditions in Horqin sandy, we select three years growing of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. as test materials, which introduced in Ejin Horo Banner. Four factors (irrigation, nitrogen, phosphorous and Potassium fertilizer) were applied in 3 micro-plots and each factor set four levels with orthogonal design method to investigate the combination effect between different factors and find the optimal ratio of water and fertilizer. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The independent effect of four factors on plant height, crown diameter and basal diameter was:N>K>W>P. Nitrogen fertilizer affected extremely significantly for these three indicators (P<0.01), potassium fertilizer effect significant (0.01<P<0.05), irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer had no significant effect (P>0.05). Best combination for three indicators was:30g/strain(N)+30g/strain(K)+7L/strain(W)+10g/strain(P).(2)Irrigation affected extremely significantly for leaf relative water content and leaf water potential(P<0.01), Nitrogen fertilizer affected extremely significantly for the former(P<0.01), effect significant for the latter(0.01<P<0.05), but phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer for both were not significant(P>0.05). The independent effect of four factors was:W>N>K>P, both in 7L/strain(W)+30g/strain(N)+30g/strain(K)+ 10g/strain(P) reached the maximum.(3)The independent effect of four factors for photosynthetic characteristics was: W>N>K>P. Irrigation affected extremely significantly for photosynthetic characteristics(P<0.01). Based in photosynthetic characteristics, best combination was 7L/strain(W)+30g/strain(N)+30g/strain(K)+10g/strain(P).(4)The treatment of lowest cell of membrane permeability and MDA content was: 7L/strain(W)+30g/strain(N)+30g/strain(K)+10g/strain(P). The independent effect of four factors was:W>N>K>P, irrigation affected extremely significantly for these (P<0.01), nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer had significant effect(0.01<P<0.05), phosphorus fertilizer had no significant effect(P>0.05).(5)The independent effect of four factors for Pro and SP was:W>N>K>P, both of lowest treatment was:7L/strain(W)+30g/strain(N)+30g/strain(K)+10g/strain(P). Irrigation affected extremely significantly for Pro and SP(P<0.01), nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer had significant effect(0.01<P<0.05), but phosphorus fertilizer had no significant effect(P>0.05).(6)The independent effect of four factors for the fruit number per tree, single fruit weight and yield per plant was:N>K>W>P. The best combination for three indicators was:30g/strain(N)+30g/strain(K)+7L/strain(W)+10g/strain(P). Nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer affected extremely significantly for these(P<0.01), irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer had significant effect(0.01<P<0.05).更多还原