【作者】 张颖；

【导师】 齐晓安；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 马克思主义中国化研究， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 老吾老以及人之老,养老始终贯穿于人类社会的始终。新中国成立以前,养老主要以家庭养老、土地养老等家庭内部成员代际间交换的形式呈现,并受到传统伦理道德规范的制约。新中国成立后,尤其在1978年实行改革开放以后,社会主义市场经济逐步建立、发展,我国的人口问题受到前所未有的挑战,尤其在人口结构上,“老龄化”成为焦点。与此同时,社会转型也带来诸多变化:计划生育带来了家庭结构小型化,城镇化发展造成的城乡之间、区域之间劳动力的流动,人们思想观念的变化等,种种因素使传统的家庭养老功能正逐步走向衰退,使其无法应对正在加剧的老龄化趋势。随着社会的转型而带来的经济、政治、文化的变化使得本属于个人或家庭层面的养老成为全社会必须面对的问题。因此,必须将养老问题的解决从自然习俗上升到制度层面。建立符合中国国情并适应社会发展的养老制度,有利于促进社会经济发展以及维护社会和谐稳定。反之,则会阻碍经济发展,影响社会主义社会稳定与可持续发展。在我国目前的养老制度中,存在诸多问题:社会养老保险制度发展平衡,家庭养老功能弱化,社会化养老机制尚待完善,国家关于社会养老政策与社会养老法律制度的建设总体发展水平仍然比较缓慢等。在以人为本、构建社会主义和谐社会、促进社会可持续发展的大背景下,准确定位养老制度的内涵,梳理养老制度的发展历程,分析我国养老制度的现状,在借鉴国外养老制度的基础上,立足我国现实国情有针对性提出构建中国特色养老制度,无疑将对解决我国养老问题有所帮助,大有裨益。为此,本文的全部内容大体分为五个部分:第一部分主要阐述了养老制度、中国特色养老制度的概念与内容及相关理论基础。对马克思主义社会养老保障理论、西方社会养老保障理论进行阐述、梳理与归纳总结。并指出建立健全中国特色养老制度具有重要意义。第二部分主要回顾了我国养老制度的发展历程。分别从养老保险制度、养老法制化、养老政策等正式制度层面以及家庭养老等非正式制度层面对养老制度的变迁过程进行深入分析,以了解养老制度的纵向发展。第三部分主要针对我国目前养老制度的现状、存在的问题及问题产生的原因进行分析,从经济、法制、文化等方面深入分析养老保险制度不健全、养老政策不完善、老年人权益得不到保障等现存问题产生的原因。第四部分分析了发达国家中具有代表性的养老制度模式,以期在分析中找到推进我国养老制度走向完善的启示。第五部分针对建立中国特色养老制度提出了若干建议。从改革养老保险制度、提高养老法制化水平、完善社会养老政策、树立正确养老价值观念四个方面分别提出对策,从而对更好的解决养老问题有所帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aged pension has always been constant throughout human society. Before the founding of new China, family endowment and land endowment were the main ways to support the old people. These ways is generation of exchange between the members of the family and restricted by the traditional moral ethics. After the founding of new China, especially after the reform and opening up, with the establishment of market economy, China’s population faced the unprecedented challenges especially on the structure of population; “aging” become the focus. At the same time, social transformation also brought many changes: family planning resulted in family structure miniaturization, labor mobility between urban and rural which is caused by urbanization development, the change of people’s ideas and so on. The whole society must face the issue of supporting aged because of the traditional family endowment is so weak that unable to cope with increasing aging trend. As a result,supporting aged must be risen from natural customs to system level. In accordance with China’s national conditions and to adapt to the social development of pension systems, is conducive to China’s economic development and build a harmonious society and stability. Otherwise, it hinders the development of the productive forces,affect social harmony stability and sustainable development.There are many problems in China’s current pension system: unbalanced social endowment insurance system, weakening family support system, and socialized system has yet to be perfected, and national policies with social pension social pension law system of the overall level of development is still relatively low. People oriented and constructing the Socialist harmonious society and promote social sustainable development background, pinpoint connotation of the pension system,combs the pension system development, analysis of present situation of pension systems, in reference to a foreign pension systems based on, based on the actual situation of targeted proposal of building a pension system with Chinese characteristics will undoubtedly inject new vigor for the reform of China’s social security system. To this end, the entire content of this article can be divided into five parts:The first part mainly explains the concepts of supporting aged system and the supporting aged system with Chinese characteristics and the related theoriesconcerned to clarify the specific notations of these concepts in this paper, summarizes the social security theories of Marxism and the paper covers the western social security therory. And pointing out that establishing and perfecting the supporting aged system with Chinese characteristics is of great significance.The second part mainly reviews the development of supporting aged system in China. Analyze the development of supporting aged system in order to understand the vertical history respectively from the formal system(such as the old-age insurance system, supporting aged legalization, supporting aged policy and so on) and informal institution(such as family endowment).The third part gives more details about the causes of the problems existing in Chinese supporting aged system. There are many factors lead to the problems,including economic, legal, cultural and other aspects.The fourth part analyzes the representatives’ mode of supporting aged system in the developed countries in order to find some enlightenment to promote China’s supporting aged system.The fifth part gives some suggestions to perfect the supporting aged system with Chinese characteristics. We should reform the endowment insurance system, improve the level of supporting aged legalization, perfect the policy and set up the correct values for the old people in order to solve the aging problem successfully.更多还原