【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 程维明；

【作者基本信息】 上海工程技术大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2015， 硕士

【摘要】 起重机在运行的过程中易出现“啃轨”现象,存在安全隐患,需要定期检测轨道相关参数。根据国标GB/T 10183.1-2010规定,轨道检测参数有:轨道顶部水平直线度、轨道中心顶部的直线度、两条轨道中心之间的跨距、轨道顶部高度差。现有检测方法在检测效率、精度、安全性等方面都难以满足现代工业的要求,因此研究和开发一种新型起重机轨道的检测系统有非常重要的意义。本文提出了一种采用全站仪地面自由建站完成轨道检测的方法。采用全站仪对起重机轨道进行检测时,轨道检测小车沿被测轨道行驶,其状态可以反映起重机轨道的直线度等参数的变化,检测小车装有反射靶,并可以自动转动反射靶的靶面,保持反射靶靶面法线正对全站仪,通过全站仪检测反射靶上固定点的坐标,将所测的点的数据转换至全局坐标系,最后通过数据处理得到轨道的相关检测参数。研制轨道检测小车以实现上述检测方法。检测小车是整个检测系统的基础,负责携带反射靶进行运动,检测小车主要包括:车架、行走系统、反射靶旋转系统、安全保障系统。对轨道检测小车的结构进行介绍,并对车架设计、驱动系统等关键零部件进行详细分析介绍,分析产生阿贝误差的原因。在不同环境下进行检测实验。调试检测实验在实验室内进行,完成检测系统的调试任务。实地检测实验在室外环境中完成,验证检测系统对环境的适应能力,检测结果更具代表性。起重机轨道检测系统在不同环境下进行多次检测实验,得到了轨道的相关检测参数,表明了所设计的起重机轨道检测系统可以在实际检测环境中完成检测作业,验证了所提出检测方案的正确性和所设计检测系统的可行性和实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the operation of the crane, "gnaw" phenomena appears frequently. Therefore, the security risks happen usually and it is necessary for us to regularly detect the rail parameters. According to the national standard GB / T10183.1-2010, rail detection parameters include the rail top horizontal straightness, the straightness of the rail center top, the span between the two rail centers and the height difference between two rail tops. The existing detecting methods could not meet the requirements of modern industry in the aspects of detecting efficiency, accuracy and security. The research and development of a new crane rail detection system has become increasingly important.In order to complete the rail detection, this dissertation has put forward a way which adopts the total station to build station flexibly on the ground. When the crane rail is tested by the total station detection, rail detection vehicle goes along with a rail, which could reflect some parametric changes such as the straightness accuracy of the crane rail, the vehicle is equipped with reflective targets which could automatically rotate reflective target surface to keep the normal of the reflection target surface rightly on the total station. We could detect the coordinate value of the point on the target by the total station,and then put the detection data of those points on the global coordinate system, and finally get the relevant parameters of rails through processing data.Develop the rail detection vehicle to achieve the above detection methods. The detection vehicle is the foundation of the entire detection system, which is responsible for taking the reflective target to move. The rail detection vehicle mainly includes frame, travel system, reflective target rotation system, and security system. This dissertation introduces the structure of the rail detection vehicle and analyzes frame design, drive system and other key components in detail, and then analyzes the causes of Abbe Error.Detection experiments are conducted in different environment. Commissioning detection experiment is carried out in the laboratory to accomplish commissioning tasks of the detection system. Field detection test is completed in outdoor environment, and the detection system’s ability is verified to adapt to the environment, those experiments make the test results are more representative.Crane rail detection system has been tested in different environments and has got the data that related to the rail detection. The detected results indicate that the designed crane rail detection system could accomplish the detection in the actual testing environment. Moreover, the detected results verify the correctness of the proposed detection scheme, the feasibility and practicality of designed detection system.更多还原