【作者】 胡磊；

【导师】 王玉杰； 任高峰；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 钒具有广泛的用途，我国拥有丰富的赋存形式为含钒页岩的钒矿资源，但其开发利用尚处于起步阶段。为提高我国含钒页岩的开采技术水平，“十二五”国家科技支撑计划将“多层含钒页岩复杂矿体安全开采关键技术”（课题编号：2011BAB05B03）列为重点研究项目。含钒页岩是一种沉积岩，具有显著的层理构造。针对含钒页岩的层理特征，研究层理对其可钻性和可爆性的影响，对含钒页岩及类似的层状岩体的爆破开采具有理论指导意义。论文以江西省彭泽县上横山含钒页岩矿为工程背景，综合运用理论分析、室内试验、现场试验及数值模拟等研究方法，分析了层理对含钒页岩爆破效果的影响。主要研究内容及取得的成果如下：（1）从岩石爆破破坏的基本理论入手，以爆炸应力波基本理论为核心，分析研究了层理岩体的爆破破坏原理。（2）借鉴凿碎比功法的原理设计试验，比较在相同功作用条件下，不同钻孔角度的凿孔净深。试验结果表明，当钻孔角度从0°变到90°时凿岩效率逐渐提高。通过筛分试验分析比较了不同钻孔角度下岩屑的粒径分布，从能量利用率方面对前述试验结果进行了验证。（3）为探索含钒页岩爆破合理的炮孔布置方式，针对其层理特性，在湖北某含钒页岩矿山进行现场试验。选取钻孔效率及爆破后矿岩的平均块度、大块率、块度均匀性等作为评价指标，采用数字图片块度分析软件Split-Desktop对矿岩块度进行分析。试验结果表明，含钒页岩爆破合理的炮孔布置方式为炮孔与层理垂直，临空面与层理平行。（4）应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA显式动力分析软件，对不同钻孔角度下含钒页岩爆破的动态破坏过程、含钒页岩爆破的合理堵塞长度及合理起爆方式等进行了模拟研究。计算结果表明，钻孔角度为90°时含钒页岩的爆破效果最好，其次为0°，而应尽量避免炮孔与层理斜交时进行爆破；当孔深为2m时，其合理堵塞长度为60cm；合理的起爆方式为反向起爆，其次为多点起爆，而正向起爆时爆破效果较差。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vanadium has extensive applications. China is abundant in vanadium resource,the occurrence form of which is shale containing vanadium, but its development andutilization is still in the initial stage. In order to improve the mining technologicallevel of shale containing vanadium, national "twelfth five-year" plan for science&technology support listed “key mining technology of complex multilayer shalecontaining vanadium”(No.2011BAB05B03) as an important research project. Shalecontaining vanadium is a kind of sedimentary with obvious bedding structure. Theresearch on the effect of bedding structure on drillability and blastability hastheoretical guidance meaning for the blasting of shale containing vanadium andsimilar layered rock mass. In the engineering background of shale containingvanadium in Shangheng mountain, Pengze country, Jiangxi province, this paperanalyses the influence of bedding structure on the blasting of shale containingvanadium by the way of theoretical analysis, indoor test, field test and numericalsimulation. The main research contents and achievements are as follows:(1) Starting from the basic theory of rock blasting damage, it analyses blastingprinciple of bedding rock with the explosive stress wave theory as the core.(2)Referring to the experiment of chiseling specific work, it compares the netdepth of borehole with different drilling angles under same working conditions. Theexperiment result shows that the drilling efficiency improve gradually with thedrilling angle ranging from0°to90°. Then, it analyses the particle size distributionof debris under different drilling angles by screening test, and verify the test resultsfrom the aspect of energy utilization.(3)In order to explore the reasonable borehole arrangement system for theblasting of shale containing vanadium, the field test was carried out in a shalecontaining vanadium in Hubei. Taking drilling efficiency, blasted rock’average size,block rate, block uniformity etc. as evaluation index, it analyses rock fragmentationby the digital image fragmentation analysis software of Split-Desktop. The testresults show that the reasonable borehole arrangement system for the blasting of shale containing vanadium is that hole is vertical to bedding and the free surface isparallel to the bedding.(4) The dynamic failure process of vanadium containing shale blasting underdifferent drilling angle, reasonable stemming length and initiation way are simulatedby explicit dynamic analysis software of ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The calculation resultsshow that the blasting effect of borehole of90°is best,0°is followed, and that theborehole is skewed with bedding should be avoided; When borehole depth is2m,the reasonable stemming length is60cm; The rational initiation method is reverseinitiation, followed by multi-point initiation, then positive initiation.更多还原