【作者】 徐栋；

【导师】 刘俊；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 船舶与海洋工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 根据美国国家冰雪数据中心报告，北极地区海冰面积正以每十年3.5%的速度递减。同时，北极地区存储有全球未勘探石油资源的25%。在不断上升的石油价格和不断增长的石油消耗量的驱使下，北极地区和亚北极地区的石油开采日益频繁。并且由于北极地区海冰面积的缩小为商船运输新航线的开辟提供了非常有利的条件，越来越多的大型冰区加强船舶进入这一海域。然而，人们对北极海域尚没有足够的知识和经验，因此，如何保障北极地区船舶与海洋结构物安全，成为了设计者、操作者和规范制定者所面对的一个新问题。本文主要研究极区船舶冰载荷计算和冰载荷作用下结构安全性校核，具体内容包括：1.首先介绍海冰的特性及对极区船舶的影响，然后总结计算冰载荷的基本方法和原理；2.按照极限能量机理计算冰载荷，通过使用MATLAB编程，实现冰载荷计算，并且对某极区船舶与不同形状冰相互作用而产生的冰载荷进行了计算和对比；3.由于目前不同的极区船舶规范对船体结构塑性能力的要求不尽相同，本文使用极限载荷来校核极区船舶冰载荷作用下结构安全性，并通过对比提出了适用于冰载荷作用下极区船舶强度校核的极限载荷准则；4.非线性有限元分析需要耗费大量时间，本文通过引入塑性方程，并结合合理的极限载荷准则，提出了冰载荷作用下船体板强度校核的快速校核方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the American National Snow and Ice Data Center,Arctic sea ice extent has been shrinking at a rate of3.5%per decade. And25%of undiscovered petroleum resources are assumed in the Arctic areas.Driven by soaring oil price and increasing oil consumption, oilexplorations in the Arctic and subarctic areas become more frequent inrecent years. Furthermore, the shrinking of Arctic sea ice extent hasprovided an enhanced opportunity in the creation of new routes forcommercial shipping. As a result, more and more large ice-going ships ofnovel designs enter the region with harsh environment where the industryhas limited experience, which presents new challenges for designers,operators and regulators. This thesis mainly deals with the ice loadcalculation and polar ship strength assessment under ice load, and themain content of this thesis is listed as follows:1. The properties of sea ice and the influence of sea ice on polarships are introduced, then the theories and methods to calculate ice loadare concluded; 2. With the help of commercial software MATLAB, ice load iscalculated by using limit energy mechanism, and the ice load of one Articship is calculated under different ice shapes;3. Since the allowable plastic deformation of ship structure isdifferent in different ice class rules, this thesis uses the limit load conceptto assess the structural safety of polar ships, and then proposes a suitablelimit load criterion for polar ships;4. Since nonlinear finite element analysis needs a lot of calculationtime, plastic formulation is introduced to reduce the need to use nonlinearfinite element analysis. Combining plastic formulation and the suitablelimit load criterion, a rapid assessment procedure of polar ship structureunder ice load is proposed.更多还原