【作者】 徐善文；

【导师】 马放； 远立江；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的持续提高，污染日益严重的水源水和人们对污水处理要求的不断提高之间的矛盾也日益明显。曝气生物滤池作为一种生物膜和活性污泥双重作用的生物处理工艺，在城市污水二级处理中有较好的应用前景。通过长时间的应用暴露出曝气生物滤池存在一定的问题，本文针对现有曝气生物滤池存在的问题，通过实验试验分析曝气生物滤池中污染物沿水流方向的降解规律，指出常规曝气生物滤池工艺在一个反应器内，沿程各段对不同物质降解能力不同，对各种污染物的降解作用较难达到时间上以及空间上的统一。通过实验分析提出了两段式比例进水生物滤池的思路。该工艺通过两个串联的反应器将除碳与脱氮分置于两段内，又利用多点进水和回流手段，使第一段具有反硝化效果，使总氮得以去除。本文研究首先从挑选适宜两段式多点进水的曝气生物滤池入手，试验比较5种陶粒的理化特征参数，结合陶粒装柱反应器对污染物的去除效率，优选出T2、T4两种陶粒最适宜用在两段式曝气滤池。紧接着建立两段式比例进水曝气生物滤池反应器小试反应器，以太平污水处理厂污水为原水，通过调控两段式曝气生物运行参数，探索不同的水力停留时间、回流比，进水比和气水比对反应器去除效率的影响，指出在水力停留时间为4h，气水比控制在6：1左右的条件下，反应器对污染物的综合去除效率最高。最后考察两段式曝气生物滤池的处理效能，将两段式曝气生物滤池连续稳定3个月，其出水值可以达到： COD<60mg/L，氨氮<10mg/L，总氮<20mg/L，总磷<1mg/L，整体出水可以达到城市污水处理厂一级B排放标准。受冲击负荷和反冲洗影响较小。本文最后分析了曝气生物滤池微生物群落多样性及活性，解析不同高度的微生物群落结构解变化，结合不同高度去除污染物的情况，探讨不同类型微生物在系统内存在的位置，为曝气生物滤池的设计及稳定高效运行提供微生物方面的依据。该工艺能够达到城市污水厂一级B要求，是一种有着广泛应用前景的曝气生物滤池改良工艺。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in ChinaWith the development of economy and the improvement of people’s living standard,the contradiction between the polluted source water and people’s demand for livinghas become increasingly obvious. Biological aerated filter (BAF), which includesbiofilm and activated sludge, is a reactor with double functions. Therefore, BAF hasgreat application potential in the secondary treatment of municipal wastewater.After a long time of application,there are some problems exposed inbiological aerated filters.For the problems of existing biological aeratedfilters,experiment test was conducted to analyse the degradation of pollutants alongthe flow direction in biological aerated filters, and the conclusion was drawn thatwithin a reactor,the conventional biological aerated filter has a differentdegradability on different substances and the degradation of pollutants is difficult toachieve unification of time and space. The idea of biological filter with two stage ofproportional influent was put forward through experimental analysis. The techniqueseperated the removal of carbon and nitrogen in two stage by two series of reactors,and with the method of step-inflow and reflux,it makes the first section has thedenitrifying effect and can remove the total nitrogen.Firstly this research choosed the suitable biological aerated filters with twostage of proportional influent. Through comparing the physical and chemicalcharacteristic parameters of five kinds of ceramsite, combining the removalefficiency of pollutant with the reactor filled with packing column ceramsite, T2and T4were regarded as the most optimum ceramsite in two stage of aerationfiltration tank.Then experimental reactor as biological aerated filters with two stage ofproportional influent was established.Using the raw water from Taiping wastewatertreatment plant, through regulating the operation parameters of two stage ofaeration biological reactor and exploring the removal efficiency of reactorsinfluenced by different hydraulic retention time、reflux ratio and the gas waterratio,it comes to the conclusion that under the condition of hydraulic retention timeat4h, gas water ratio at6:1,the reactor has the highest pollutant removal efficiency.Finally the treatment efficiency of biological aerated filters with two stage wasinvestigated.The biological aerated filters with two stage was working continuously and stablely for3months, and the effluent value can reach: COD <60mg/L,ammonia nitrogen <10mg/L, total nitrogen <20mg/L, total phosphorus <1mg/L.Efflunet quality can reach the level B emission standard of urban wastewatertreatment plants. It is hardly influenced by the impact of load and backwash.At the end of the dissertation, the diversity and activity of microbialcommunity in biological aerated filters was analyzed,so as the biologicalcommunity structure at different height. Combining the removal of contaminants atdifferent height, where different types of microorganisms locates in system wasdiscussed. All the above provide a basis of microorganisms for the design andoperation of biological aerated filters.This process can reach the requirments of level B emission standard of urbanwastewater treatment plants.It is a kind of biological aerated filter improvementprocess with a wide application prospect.更多还原