【作者】 张斌；

【导师】 刘建琴； 王惠明；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 机械工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国大规模基础项目的实施，在铁路、公路、水利、水电、市政等建设中需要开挖大量长距离隧道，全断面岩石掘进机（TBM）以其掘进速度快、自动化程度高、作业环境好、综合效益高等优点而得到广泛的应用。TBM刀盘上的刀具是执行开挖掘进的核心部件，刀具的磨损和失效将直接影响TBM的掘进效率，刀具严重磨损后如果不能及时更换，将使毗邻的刀具由于超负荷工作而加剧磨损，也可能使刀盘由于偏载严重断裂或减少大轴承的寿命。作为刀具载体的刀盘，一方面向刀具传递破岩所需的力，同时刀具在刀盘上的优化布局对提高掘进效率也具有重要意义。本文在国内外研究的基础上，针对刀具的磨损预测和刀盘刀具的布局问题，进行了以下几个方面的研究工作：（1）分析了TBM滚刀的类型及其失效形式，重点研究刀具的磨损失效。根据滚刀旋转破岩时与岩石的相互作用的工作原理和滚刀的磨损机理，归纳了影响滚刀磨损的四个主要因素，即刀具的几何形状、刀具材料工艺、TBM掘进参数和岩石的耐磨性。在分析现有滚刀磨损预测方法的基础上，提出了基于滚刀破岩摩擦功的磨损预测模型，结合秦岭隧道施工实例论证了该模型的可行性。（2）研究了ABAQUS的分析过程和显式动力学基本理论，以TBM上广泛应用的17英寸常截面（CCS）盘形滚刀为研究对象，对硬质花岗岩应用Drucker-Prager本构模型和基于拉伸特性的断裂损伤准则，建立了双滚刀顺次回转破岩的三维数值仿真模型，研究了刀间距和贯入度对破岩力和比能的影响。（3）分析了刀盘设计需要考虑的因素、刀盘刀具布局和主切削参数的确定方法，即基于线性切割机（LCM）的实验方法和基于有限元理论的计算机仿真方法。对比了目前常用的刀盘刀具布局设计方法，即在得到破岩力的基础上建立的设计方法和综合优化设计方法。基于摩擦功相等原理，针对花岗岩地质对TBM刀盘外围布刀的刀间距进行了分析计算。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the implement of large-scale infrastructural project in our country, a largenumber of long distance tunnels are required to excavate during the construction ofrailway, highway, water conservancy, hydroelectricity and municipal administration.Tunnel boring machine (TBM) has been widely used in aforementioned tunnels due toits many advantages, such as high advance rate, high degree of automation, goodworking environment and favorable comprehensive benefit. The cutters mounted onTBM cutterhead are the key component of excavation and advancement, therefore thecutter’s wear and failure will directly influence the advance efficiency of TBM. If thecutter can’t be replaced timely when severe wear happened, the adjacent cutter’s wearwill accelerate due to the overload operation, also the cutterhead breakage orreduction of main bear life due to serious unbalanced load will take place. As a carrierof cutters, cutterhead transfer the force when rock-breaking while optimized layout ofcutters on cutterhead is of great significance in increasing advance efficiency.According to the problem of cutter wear prediction and cutterhead cutter layout, a fewresearch works has been accomolished in this paper based on the study of home andabroad.(1) TBM cutter’s type and its failure types were analyzed, and focus on the wearfailure of cutter. Based on work theory of cutter and rock interactional during rotaryrock breaking and the cutter wear mechanism, the four principal factors which affectcutter wear were summarized, that is cutter geometry, cutter material and process,TBM advance parameters, rock abrasion resistance. On the basis of present cutterwear prediction methods, wear prediction model that based on cutter rock breakingfriction work was put forward and the feasibility of this model was validated by theTBM used in the construction of Qingling tunnel.(2) ABAQUS analysis procedure and explicit dynamics basic theory werestudied. For hard granite, the17in constant cross-section (CCS) disc cutter thatwidely used on TBM, the Drucker-Prager constitutive model and fracture damagecriterion based on tensile property have been adopted to establish thethree-dimensional rotary rock breaking model of two disc cutter in succession, the influence of cutter spacing and penetration on cutting force and specific energy inrock breaking was obtained.(3) The factors for cutterhead design, cutters layout on TBM and method ofdetermining main cutting parameters were analyzed. The methods to determine maincutting parameter include experimental method based on linear cutting machine(LCM) and computer simulation method based on finite element theory. Then, twocutterhead design methods used present were compared, that is rock-breaking basedmethod and comprehensive optimization design method. Based on the theory of equalfriction work, cutter spacing arrangement of the cutters in peripheral region of TBMcutterhead was analysed and calculated for granite geology.更多还原