民机驾驶舱综合视觉工效CAD实验系统的研发

【作者】 王玮；

【导师】 林燕丹；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 光电系统与控制技术， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文的研究内容是国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)《民机驾驶舱人机工效综合仿真理论与方法研究》(编号：2010CB734102)的子课题。作为对飞行安全起关键作用的飞机驾驶舱设计,视觉工效的设计更是人-机-环境系统的重要组成部分。针对目前国内外开展飞机驾驶舱视觉工效的研究中缺乏一套有效的、可靠的实验系统的共性问题,本文旨在通过总结驾驶舱视觉工效常用的研究内容和提炼视觉目标关键参数的基础上,结合计算机辅助设计方案,设计一套可用于民机驾驶舱综合视觉工效研究的CAD实验系统。此套实验系统,通过辅助研究人员呈现和改变视觉任务,直接获取表征视觉绩效的相关指标,同时实现数据的初步分析,为驾驶舱视觉工效研究提供可靠有效的辅助工具。本论文在国内外飞机驾驶舱视觉工效研究的基础上,总结了飞机驾驶舱所处的光环境的特殊性,并分析了对飞行员视觉功能的正常发挥有干扰作用的因素。在此基础上,结合飞行员的视觉特征对这些视觉特征的相关视觉理论基础知识进行分析,总结视觉工效实验常用的研究方法,确定了本论文设计的实验系统所要获取的评估指标：视锐度,视度,识别机率、识别时间和识别速度,探测率和反应时间。本论文根据对常用的编程工具的调研,选择LabVIEW作为开发工具,用于开发此套实验系统。根据所要获取的评估指标,本论文设计了相应的视觉任务,并以模块化的方式,在每一个模块中设计一个视觉任务,获取一种视觉绩效指标。此实验系统共有视标探测、朗道尔环表辨认、视锐度测定、视度测定和振动视标辨认五个模块。此套实验系统中的视觉任务以朗道尔环为主要视觉目标,用不同形式实现对其开口方向的辨认任务。此外,该系统还提供了常用的数据分析公式。该系统可将实验结果进行初步的计算和分析,并提供保存和导出的功能。本论文通过设计驾驶舱视觉工效实验,对实验系统的适用性和可靠性进行验证。论文中设计了显示器亮度对比度对视觉绩效的影响实验和振动对人眼视觉绩效的影响实验,分别使用实验系统中视标探测和振动视标辨认两个模块,对实验系统进行了实地验证。实验结果表明了该系统的适用性和可靠性。此外,作为对比,本论文还设计了一个以心理量表法为研究方法的工效学实验,用于研究驾驶舱内按压式信号按钮的亮度设置。从对比中可以进一步比较心理量表法和使用本套实验系统为工具的视觉绩效法各自优缺点,为今后驾驶舱的工效学研究提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is a subsidiary of the national basic research program of China (973program NO.2010CB734102). There is no doubt cockpit design has effect on air safety greatly. As a result, research of cockpit ergonomics is an extremely important component of the man-machine-environment system. Based on the fact there’s no useful and reliable system for assisting the researches of cockpit ergonomics, this paper is aim to develop such a system by summarizing the common contents of cockpit ergonomic researches and extracting the key parameters of the objects in cockpit. The design concept of this system is to obtain the indexes that can present the visual performance by simulating the visual tasks to the subjects. Researches of cockpit ergonomics can be conducted with this system conveniently.By literature review, this paper summarizes the characteristic of the lighting environment of cockpit and introduces the factors that can interfere with visual performance of pilots. Relative vision theories of pilot’s vision characteristic are introduced. Based on these theories and the common methods of cockpit ergonomics, this paper defines the indexes of the system:visual acuity, visibility level, identification accuracy/identification time/identification speed, detection accuracy and reaction time.By comparing of the common programming tools, this paper chooses Lab VIEW as the developing tool of the system. According to the determined indexes, the system develops different visual tasks into different modules for each index. The visual tasks of the system are as follows:detecting object, identifying Landolt rings, measuring visual acuity, measuring visibility level and identifying vibrating object. The system chooses Landolt ring as the main object and specifies identifying tasks of them in various ways. This system also provides the conventional formulas for data analysis. Moreover, this system can calculate the results, save and output them.Finally, this paper describes several experiments to verify the system. The first is the research of the effects of luminous contrast of display in cockpit on visual performance. The second is the research of the effects of vibration on visual performance. These two experiments separately use the visual tasks of detecting object and identifying vibrating object of the system. The results of these two experiments prove the validity and reliability of the system. Besides, this paper describes the experiment of luminous determination of the push-button annunciators in cockpit. Purely subjective rating using a psychological scale is the main method of this experiment. These three experiments shows the advantages and disadvantages of two different methods used in cockpit ergonomic research. The comparison of these two methods provides references to the researches of cockpit ergonomics.更多还原