【作者】 李雪峰；

【导师】 梁东丽；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业资源利用， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年我国重金属污染事件频发，严重威胁了人体健康，重金属污染的治理迫在眉睫。为了加强重金属的污染防治，由环境保护部主持的《重金属污染综合防治“十二五”规划》得到国务院批复，成为第一个“十二五”国家规划,重金属污染的问题也受到多学科的关注。本文采用野外调查针对秦皇岛的污染情况，采集了市区和四个县的土壤和蔬菜样品，分析了其中的重金属铜、锌、铬、镉、铅、镍含量，用污染指数法对秦皇岛市蔬菜地土壤和蔬菜中的重金属现状进行了评估，探讨了重金属全量与有效态含量的相关性，并提出了降低土壤—蔬菜系统中重金属的修复措施。得到的主要结果如下：1、秦皇岛市蔬菜地土壤中重金属的监测结果表明，土壤环境质量等级为清洁的是北戴河，尚清洁的是海港区、开发区、昌黎县、卢龙县和青龙县，超标的是山海关、抚宁县。其中海港区、青龙县Cd、Cu、Ni污染，山海关、卢龙县Cd、Ni污染，开发区Cd、Cu污染，抚宁县、昌黎县存在Cu、Ni的污染。2、秦皇岛市菜地土壤中Pb、Cr、Zn的达标率为100%，Cd、Cu、Ni存在超标的现象。对于秦皇岛市区的菜地土壤来说，Cd、Cu、Ni的超标率分别为21.4%、14.3%、14.3%，重金属的污染状况为：Cd>Ni>Cu；对于秦皇岛四个县的菜地土壤来说，Cd、Cu、Ni的超标率分别为12.5%、8.3%、20.8%，重金属的污染状况为：Ni>Cd>Cu。综合分析结果表明，秦皇岛市菜地土壤重金属的污染状况为：Ni>Cd>Cu。3、蔬菜地土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni的有效态含量与全量均达到显著相关，其中Cu的相关系数最大，其次是Cd，而Cr的有效态含量与全量的相关性不显著。4、油菜、白菜、芹菜、胡萝卜、土豆、豇豆中Cd、Pb、Cr的含量均满足GB2762—2012的标准要求，单项污染指数均小于0.7，综合污染指数亦均小于0.7，表明蔬菜质量等级为清洁水平。秦皇岛市区的油菜、白菜、芹菜、胡萝卜的综合污染指数大小顺序依次为胡萝卜>白菜>油菜>芹菜；秦皇岛四县的油菜、白菜、芹菜、胡萝卜、土豆、豇豆的综合污染指数大小顺序依次为胡萝卜>豇豆>白菜>土豆>油菜>芹菜。综合秦皇岛市蔬菜中Cd、Pb、Cr的污染程度，依次为块根和块茎蔬菜>叶菜蔬菜>茎类蔬菜。5、油菜、白菜、芹菜、胡萝卜中的Cd、Pb含量分别与土壤中的有效Cd、有效Pb含量均达到显著性相关，其中油菜、芹菜中的Cd含量与土壤中的有效Cd含量达到极显著性相关，油菜、白菜、芹菜中的Pb含量与土壤中的有效Pb含量达到极显著性相关。油菜、白菜中的Cr含量与土壤中的全量Cr的相关性达到显著性水平，芹菜、胡萝卜中的Cr含量与土壤中的全量Cr的相关性并不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, heavy metal pollution incidents happened frequently in our country,which induce food pollution and a serious threat to human health. In order to strengthen theprevention and control of heavy metal pollution,《The comprehensive prevention and controlof heavy metal pollution of the Twelfth Five Year Plan》chaired by the Ministry ofEnvironmental Protection approved by the State Council, becoming the first " Twelfth FiveYear " national plan. In this paper, the sources of heavy metal contamination in soil andcharacteristics were summarized. Soil samples and vegetable samples in the urban area and4countries of Qinghuangdao were collected. Total heavy metal content and available contentwere determined. Both soil and vegetable contamination extent were assessed. The mainresules were as follows:1) The monitoring results of Qinhuangdao heavy metals in soil showed that soilenvironmental quality level in Beidaihe was clean, while which for Haigang district,economic development zone, Changli County, Lulong County and Qinglong County weretolerableness clean and Shanhaiguan and Funing County were beyond the national soilquality standard. Different places had different heavy metal problem. Haigang district,Qinglong County presented cadmium, copper, nickel pollution, while Shanhaiguan, LulongCounty presented cadmium, nickel pollution, economic development zone presentedcadmium, copper pollution, Funing County, Changli County presented copper, nickelpollution.2) Lead, chromium and zinc are100%meeting the national soil quality standards inQinhuangdao vegetable soil, while cadmium, copper and nickel in some palces beyond thestandard. For vegetable soil in Qinhuangdao downtown area, the rate of beyond the standardlevel were21.4%,14.3%,14.3%for cadmium, copper and nickel, respectively. Heavy metalpollution in vegetable land was ranked in Cd>Ni>Cu. For vegetable soil in four counties ofQinhuangdao, the rate of beyond the standard were12.5%,8.3%,20.8%for cadmium, copperand nickel, respectively. Heavy metal pollution of vegetable soil as follows: Ni>Cd>Cu.Comprehensive analysis showed that heavy metals pollution status in Qinhuangdao vegetablesoil is: Ni> Cd>Cu. 3) The correlation between available contents of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, nickel andfull amount in vegetable soil reach extremely significant level, respectively. The correlationcoefficient for Cu was biggest, followed by Cd, while that for Cr was not significant.4) The contents of cadmium, lead, chromium in cole, cabbage, celery, carrot, potato,cowpea were adopted to meet the standard(GB2762—2012). The single pollution index wasless than0.7, and the comprehensive pollution index was less than0.7, which indicated thatvegetable quality level in this areawas cleanliness. The order of comprehensive pollutionindex for different vegetables were as the order asas carrot> cabbage> cole> celery inQinhuangdao downtown area.The order of comprehensive pollution index in four counties ofQinhuangdao ranked as carrot> cowpea> cabbage> potato> cole> celery. Comprehensivepollution degree of cadmium, lead, chromium in Qinhuangdao vegetables, followed byvegetables, roots and tubers> leafy vegetables> stem vegetables.5) The significant correlations was observed between total cadmium, lead content in cole,cabbage, celery, carrot and soil available cadmium, lead content. A significant correlationwas also found between the content of cadmium in cole, celery and soil available cadmiumcontent, the content of lead in cole, cabbage, celery and available lead content in soil.Inaddation, The correlation between the content of chromium in cole, cabbage and the soil totalchromium content reached significant level. However, no significantcorrelation was foundbetween the content of chromium in celery, carrot and the total chromium content in soil.更多还原